Abstract: A high-definition and high-resolution display apparatus is provided. A conductive film, a first layer, and a first sacrificial layer are formed. The first layer and the first sacrificial layer are processed to expose part of the conductive film. A second layer and a second sacrificial layer are formed over the first sacrificial layer and the conductive film. The second layer and the second sacrificial layer are processed to expose part of the conductive film. The conductive film is processed to form a first pixel electrode overlapping with the first sacrificial layer and a second pixel electrode overlapping with the second sacrificial layer. Two insulating films covering at least a side surface of the first pixel electrode, a side surface of the second pixel electrode, a side surface of the first layer, a side surface of the second layer, a side surface and a top surface of the first sacrificial layer, and a side surface and atop surface of the second sacrificial layer are formed.

Abstract: A novel display panel that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display panel includes a first light-emitting device, a second light-emitting device, a partition, a first protective layer, and a second protective layer. The first light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first layer, and the first layer is interposed between the electrodes. The first layer includes a first material having a hole-transport property and a first substance having an electron-accepting property, and the first protective layer is in contact with the second electrode. The second light-emitting device includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode, and a second layer, and the second layer is interposed between the electrodes. The second layer includes the first material having a hole-transport property and the first substance having an electron-accepting property, and the second layer includes a first gap between the second layer and the first layer.

Abstract: A high-resolution or high-definition display device is provided.

Abstract: A terminal includes: a scenario information reproduction means that sequentially reproduces units of scenario information based on reproduction instruction information, the scenario information including the units which are obtained by dividing a document into the units which are predetermined, the reproduction instruction information being set for each of the units in the scenario information; a reaction acquisition means that obtains a reaction of a user to a reproduced content; a reaction analysis means that analyzes a content of the reaction in accordance with the content of the reaction acquired and a timing of the reaction to the reproduced content; and a unit selection means that selects units for the reaction from the units of the scenario information in accordance with an analysis result, the scenario information reproduction means sequentially reproducing the units selected for the reaction.

Abstract: An optimizing device is provided with a target value calculating portion 105 that includes a variable constraint setting portion, a slope constraint setting portion, and a solution calculating portion. The variable constraint setting portion sets constraints for the manipulated variables and control variables. The slope constraint setting portion sets constraints for the slopes for the control variables that include integrating systems. The constraint settings are changed in accordance with the possibility of control variables that include integrating systems going outside of upper and lower limits. The various types of constraints, models for control, and applied optimization evaluating functions that are set/calculated are passed to the solution calculating portion, and optimal target values for minimizing the evaluating function wherein all of the variables are within the constraints are calculated.

Abstract: An optimizing device is provided with a target value calculating portion 105 that includes a variable constraint setting portion, a slope constraint setting portion, and a solution calculating portion. The variable constraint setting portion sets constraints for the manipulated variables and control variables. The slope constraint setting portion sets constraints for the slopes for the control variables that include integrating systems. The constraint settings are changed in accordance with the possibility of control variables that include integrating systems going outside of upper and lower limits. The various types of constraints, models for control, and applied optimization evaluating functions that are set/calculated are passed to the solution calculating portion, and optimal target values for minimizing the evaluating function wherein all of the variables are within the constraints are calculated.