Abstract: A spectral imaging apparatus includes: a spectral transmittance variable element having a spectral transmittance characteristics such that a transmittance periodically varies with wavelength and being capable of changing the variation period, for converting light from an object under observation into light having a plurality of peak wavelengths; a light extracting device for extracting, from the light having a plurality of peak wavelengths, light for imaging that contains a peak wavelength proximate to a predetermined command wavelength designated by a user and light for calibration that contains a peak wavelength other than the peak wavelength proximate to the command wavelength; an image sensor for capturing an image of the object under observation formed of the light for imaging; a detector for detecting, from the light for calibration, the peak wavelength other than the peak wavelength proximate to the command wavelength; and a control unit including, an operation processing section that calculates the pe

Abstract: A camera for capturing an object that will enter a projection space is attached to the casing of a projection display apparatus. The camera is installed at the position in which, when the camera faces the projection plane, at least one of the back direction and the side direction of the casing is included within the filed of view of the camera. For example, the cameras are installed on both side edges of the casing so as to face each other.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus includes a housing case housing a light source unit, a light valve, and a projection unit. The plurality of solid light sources are connected to a plurality of fibers, respectively. Light outputted from the plurality of fibers bundled by a bundle unit is guided to the light valve through a rod integrator. The rod integrator is arranged so that the a longitudinal direction of the rod integrator extends in a horizontal direction parallel to the projection surface. The light valve is arranged closer to a projection-side sidewall than the rod integrator.

Abstract: An arrangement structure of a shifting actuator of an internal combustion engine mounted on a motorcycle is provided in which while the shifting actuator is provided externally of an engine case of the engine so as not to interfere with auxiliaries, it is protected without external protrusion and external appearance is kept satisfactory. An external wall of an engine case is partially inwardly recessed to form a recessed portion capable of accommodating a shifting actuator. An actuator body of the shifting actuator is disposed in the recessed portion. An attachment bracket attached to an end portion of the actuator body is fitted to a first fitting hole of an engine case outer lateral wall on the side of the recessed portion and is secured to the engine case outer wall. The motorcycle has a multistage transmission that can reduce its axial width to achieve compactness.

Abstract: A lubrication structure for a multi-speed transmission has a lubrication structure in which a gear shaft is provided with cam guide grooves in an inner cavity thereof. A lubricating oil is introduced into the inner cavity by way of oil feed introducing holes which are bored in one end portion of the gear shaft so as to provide communication between the inside and the outside of the gear shaft. The lubricating oil is led in the axial direction along the inner peripheral surface of the inner cavity by axial oil feed grooves formed by cutting along the inner peripheral surface of the inner cavity in parallel to the cam guide grooves. The lubricating oil is led out to the engagement switch-over mechanism by radial oil feed holes bored in radial directions so as to communicate with the axial oil feed grooves at axial-direction positions where pin members are located.

Abstract: An endoscope system is disclosed for detecting fluorescent light emitted in the near-infrared region by a plurality of fluorescent labeling materials introduced into a living tissue. An illumination system generates illumination light in the wavelength range 600 nm-2000 nm which serves as excitation light for the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials, and a detection system that can separately detect different ones of the plurality of fluorescent light emissions that are emitted at different wavelengths from among the plurality of fluorescent labeling materials is provided. The endoscope system may include a conventional-type endoscope having an insertion section, or a capsule endoscope that wirelessly transmits image data. By superimposing the image data obtained using reflected light in the visible region and fluorescent light emitted by the fluorescent labeling materials, improved diagnostic capabilities are provided.

Abstract: To achieve downsizing and weight reduction of a derailleur shaft and the mounting structure thereof and to improve the rigidity of the derailleur shaft without increasing the thickness thereof more than necessary. A transmission case is divided into left and right halves, and the left and right halves are provided with bosses therein having holes opposing each other. The bosses are brought into abutment with each other and united by fitting tightening bolts to the holes of the bosses and tightening the same. A sleeve-shaped derailleur shaft is fitted on the outer periphery of the bosses to support and mount the derailleur shaft. The derailleur shaft includes a hole at the shaft end thereof. A mounting position of the derailleur shaft is achieved by a pin inserted into the hole and a hole provided on one of the cases.

Abstract: A gear-shifting apparatus is provided which easily returns a derailed chain to engagement with a tension and/or guide pulley when the chain comes off the respective pulley due to a gear-shifting operation, and enables a gear-shifting operation to be performed when a gear-shifting is halted or is rotating backward. A derailer includes an arm which supports a tension pulley and a pulley support member which supports a guide pulley. The arm is provided with engagement recovery-guiding parts for causing respectively derailed parts of a chain, which are derailed from the orbital plane of the tension pulley, to engage with the tension pulley. The pulley support member is provided with a first extending part and a second extending part for the purpose of causing derailed parts of a chain, which has been derailed from the orbital plane of the guide pulley, to engage with the guide pulley.

Abstract: When a management screen for conducting management operation of a file system in the NAS apparatus 10 of a file server is displayed by the administrator on a display device of the management console 30 by using the management console 30, if a disk device obtained from the storage apparatus 20 is in a power saving state, the NAS apparatus 10 has a function to change the operations hereafter. Specifically, a screen is displayed on the management screen, in which a creation or deletion of the file system becomes impossible with respect to the disk device in the power saving state. Therefore, the administrator can conduct management operations for services without referring to the power status, thereby resulting in easy management operation.

Abstract: Desired spectral characteristics are obtained by bringing reflection films sufficiently close together while avoiding optical contact between the reflection films. Provided is a variable spectral element (1) that includes a pair of optical substrates (2,3) that oppose each other with a gap therebetween; two mutually opposing reflection films (5) respectively disposed on the opposing surfaces of the optical substrates (2, 3); two mutually opposing sensor electrodes (6) that are disposed respectively on the sides where the reflection films (5) are disposed, and that form a distance sensor that detects the distance between the optical substrates (2,3); and an actuator (4) that changes the distance between the optical substrates (2, 3) by relatively moving the optical substrates (2, 3); wherein the distance between the opposing surfaces of the two reflection films (5) is larger than the distance between the opposing surfaces of the two sensor electrodes (6).

Abstract: An endoscope is disclosed that provide selection of each illumination mode of four different illumination modes, with one of the four different illumination modes being a mode which sequentially transmits very narrow wavelength ranges at three different wavelength regions within the visible spectrum.

Abstract: In a bicycle transmission, a driven sprocket wheel body includes a plurality of driven sprocket wheels which are connected with a drive sprocket wheel by an endless chain. A derailleur is provided for changing over the winding of the endless chain among the plurality of driven sprocket wheels. The drive sprocket wheel is prevented from moving beyond a given range even when an excessive external force is applied to the drive sprocket wheel at the time of traveling. A slide member is movable in the axial direction of a drive shaft and is provided between the drive shaft and a drive sprocket wheel. A drive sprocket wheel movement restricting member is provided which sandwiches the drive sprocket wheel position setting member and moves in the axial direction of the drive shaft together with the drive sprocket wheel.

Abstract: A multistage transmission is provided that smoothly operates with a small force without the necessity of a shift clutch, that does not cause a loss of switching time during shifting, and that does not cause escape of a driving force as well as provides a small shift shock. When shift drive means executes upshift to a one-step-upper speed-change stage reduced in reduction ratio by one stage, normal rotation odd-numbered stage cam rods Cao and normal rotation even-numbered stage cam rods Cae alternately operate normal rotation odd-numbered stage engaging members Rao and the normal rotation odd-numbered stage engaging members Rae for shifting.

Abstract: A multistage transmission includes a swing claw member having a pin-receiving portion adapted to receive a pin member and an engaging claw portion on respective sides opposite to each other with respect to swing center, and swung by the advancement and retraction of the pin member to allow the engaging claw portion to establish engagement and release the engagement; and biasing means for biasing the swing claw member in a swing direction of bringing the engaging claw portion into engagement. The biasing means is a compression spring interposed between the inner surface of the engaging claw portion of the swing claw member and the opposing surface of the gear shaft. The multistage transmission uses multiple swing claw members of the same kind, instead of swing claw members of different kinds.

Abstract: An illuminating device includes a plurality of light source portions for emitting light, a plurality of optical fibers for allowing incidence of the light emitted from the respective light source portions, and a bundling portion for bundling exit ends of the optical fibers. The light source portions or the optical fibers are constructed in such a manner that a flexure of each of the optical fibers is suppressed to mount the each optical fiber in a state close to a straight state. For instance, the light source portions are arranged in an arc shape, with a distance of each of the light source portions with respect to the bundling portion being set as the radius of the arc shape. In this arrangement the respective optical fibers are set to have lengths substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: An image display device includes a light source which emits laser light; an optical system which is operable to switch between a direct viewing mode of modulating the laser light and displaying the modulated light on a display section, and a projection mode of modulating the laser light and projecting the modulated light on a projection plane; and a control circuit which controls the optical system. The control circuit sets the optical system to the direct viewing mode at the time of activating an electric power source of the image display device.

Abstract: An image display device includes a light source which emits laser light; an optical element which is operable to switch between a first state for reducing a coherence of the laser light and a second state for substantially maintaining the coherence of the laser light; a switching control circuit which controls the optical element; an imager which modulates the laser light transmitted through the optical element; and a modulation control circuit which controls the imager based on an image signal. The modulation control circuit causes the imager to render an image pattern for generating an image by changing alight amount at each pixel position when the optical element is in the first state, and causes the imager to render a hologram pattern for generating an image by diffraction when the optical element is in the second state.

Abstract: Desired spectral characteristics are attained by making reflection films close enough. A variable spectroscopy device (1) has a pair of optical substrates (2, 3) opposing each other with an interval therebetween, two reflection films (5) opposing each other which are respectively disposed on opposing surfaces of the optical substrates (2, 3), two sensor electrodes (6) opposing each other which are disposed on the same surfaces as the reflection films (5) and which constitute an interval sensor for detecting an interval between the optical substrates (2, 3), and an actuator (4) which relatively moves the optical substrates (2, 3) and changes the interval between the optical substrates (2, 3). A distance between the opposing surfaces of the two sensor electrodes (6) is longer than a distance between the opposing surfaces of the two reflection films (5).

Abstract: A first light source arrangement pattern is defined by: defining segments opposing to each other and arranged at end positions out of three segments in a first unit and three segments in a second unit, as light source arrangement positions; and defining one of three segments in a third unit, at the same position as the segment defined as the light source arrangement position in the first unit, as a light source arrangement position. A second light source pattern is defined by defining segments out of the segments in the first unit, the second unit, and the third unit, at end positions opposite to the segments defined as the light source arrangement positions in the first light source arrangement pattern, as light source arrangement positions. The first light source arrangement pattern and the second light source arrangement pattern are alternately arranged in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A transmission system includes transmission case having a work opening formed therein and configured to avoid the necessity for enlarging a transmission case, to prevent an increase in weight and to prevent and inhibit a reduction in the rigidity of the transmission case due to the presence of the work opening. The work opening provides a point of access to permit manual linking/unlinking of an operation cable to/from a derailleur, while ensuring easy oil lubrication for a chain through the work opening. The transmission system also comprises a sprocket cluster constituted of a plurality of transmission sprockets, and a derailleur. The work opening is formed in an axially directed case wall, which is located closest in the axis direction to a transmission sprocket having the largest outer diameter among the sprocket cluster. The same transmission sprocket is located closest in the radial direction to the work opening.