Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a sapphire substrate, each of the semiconductor layers having a first surface on the sapphire substrate side and a second surface on the opposite side, joining the second surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers to a retention member via an adhesive member, peeling off the plurality of semiconductor layers from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers with laser light, and polishing the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers. At least one semiconductor layer among the plurality of semiconductor layers includes a polishing indication part extending from the second surface toward the first surface. The polishing is executed until the polishing indication part is exposed to the polished surface.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of islands, each including a semiconductor layer containing a nitride semiconductor and a support formed on the semiconductor layer, on a sapphire substrate, joining the support to a retention substrate via an adhesive member, peeling off the semiconductor layer from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the semiconductor layer with laser light, and polishing a surface of the semiconductor layers peeled off from the sapphire substrate.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a drill includes the first cutting edges, the second cutting edges and a deflection reducer. The first cutting edges drill a prepared hole to a workpiece. The first cutting edges are formed in a tip side of the drill. The first point angle and each first relief angle of the first cutting edges continuously or intermittently decrease from the tip side toward a rear end side of the drill. The second cutting edges finish the prepared hole. The second cutting edges are formed at positions away in the rear end side from the first cutting edges. The second cutting edges have the second relief angles at a maximum diameter position. The deflection reducer reduces deflection of the second cutting edges by being inserted into the prepared hole. The deflection reducer is formed between the first cutting edges and the second cutting edges.

Abstract: A tool driving device for cutting includes a spindle and an electric motor. A user carries the tool driving device by hand to use the tool driving device. The spindle has a holder for holding a tool for the cutting. The holder is disposed at a distal portion of the spindle. The electric motor rotates the spindle. A thrust bearing is attached to a housing of the electric motor. The spindle is contacted to the thrust bearing so that cutting resistance in a rotation axis direction of the spindle, transmitted from the tool to the spindle, is applied to the thrust bearing.

Abstract: A tool driving device for hole processing includes a spindle, an electric motor, a guide, an electric actuator, a sensor and a controller. The spindle has a holder for holding a tool for the hole processing. The holder is disposed at a distal portion of the spindle. The electric motor rotates the spindle. The guide has a positioning member for positioning the tool driving device to the workpiece. The electric actuator advances and retreats the spindle relatively to the guide in a rotation axis direction of the spindle. The sensor measures cutting resistance transmitted from the tool to the spindle. The controller is configured to control the electric motor and the electric actuator based on the cutting resistance measured by the sensor so that a rotating speed and a feeding speed of the spindle become a rotating speed and a feeding speed according to the cutting resistance.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a tool driving device includes a drill chuck, a motor, a casing and a vibrating mechanism. The drill chuck holds a drill. The motor is configured to rotate the drill chuck. The casing houses the motor. The vibrating mechanism is configured to periodically reciprocate the drill chuck relatively to the casing in a tool axis direction during rotation of the drill chuck. The vibrating mechanism is configured to distance the drill chuck from the casing at a first speed smaller than a second speed for bringing the drill chuck close to the casing.

Abstract: A relay state determination device according to the present invention includes: a voltage value acquisition unit that measures every moment a detected voltage detected from two ends of a shunt resistor; a voltage value difference calculation unit that calculates a voltage value difference between a first voltage value of when the detected voltage becomes minimum by an armature starting displacement after a primary-side switch is turned off and a second voltage value of when secondary-side contacts are opened; and a state determination unit that determines that a relay has deteriorated when the voltage value difference falls below a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A relay state prediction device according to the present invention includes: a voltage value acquisition unit that measures every moment a detected voltage detected from two ends of a shunt resistor; a voltage value difference calculation unit that calculates a voltage value difference between a first voltage value of when the detected voltage becomes minimum by an armature starting displacement after a primary-side switch is turned off and a second voltage value of when secondary-side contacts are opened; a slope calculation unit that calculates a slope at which the voltage value difference decreases as the secondary-side contacts are repeatedly opened and closed in response to the primary-side switch repeatedly turning on and off; and a state prediction unit that predicts the number of openable and closable times from the present time until the voltage value difference reaches a predetermined threshold value based on the voltage value difference at the present time and the decreasing slope.

Abstract: An engine includes: two cylinder rows so placed as to be aligned side by side; a turbocharger; and an intercooler shared by the two cylinder rows, and connected to the turbocharger. The intercooler has: a cool liquid flow path through which a cool liquid flows, and an intake air flow path through which intake air from the turbocharger flows. The cool liquid flow path has an inlet and outlet of the cool liquid on one side in a first direction along the flow of the cool liquid. The intake air flow path has an inlet of the intake air on one side in a second direction along the flow of the intake air, and an outlet of the intake air on another side.

Abstract: An engine includes: an engine block including a cylinder block and a head block, a cool liquid cooler that cools a first cool liquid that cools the engine block, a lubricant oil cooler that cools a lubricant oil using the first cool liquid or a second cool liquid, an exhaust manifold mounted to the engine block, a turbocharger driven by exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold, an exhaust communication pipe that communicates the exhaust manifold with the turbocharger, and a cool liquid flow channel through which a cool liquid discharged from the engine block flows in an order of the exhaust communication pipe and the exhaust manifold. The cool liquid cooler and the lubricant oil cooler are so placed as to be arranged side by side on one end side in a crankshaft direction.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide, in an engine provided with two cylinder rows, a technology that, while suppressing a cost increase, can suppress a difference in combustion performance between the cylinder rows. [Solution] An exemplary engine includes: a first cylinder row having plural cylinders arranged in a front and rear direction; a second cylinder row arranged parallel to the first cylinder row; plural first injectors provided for the respective cylinders of the first cylinder row, plural second injectors provided for respective cylinders of the second cylinder row; and a fuel pump having a first discharge port to discharge a fuel to the plural first injectors and a second discharge port to discharge a fuel to the plural second injectors. The fuel pump is placed between the first cylinder row and the second cylinder row in a plan view from an up and down direction.

Abstract: An engine includes: a cylinder block that has a cylinder included in a combustion chamber; a crankshaft that is placed in the cylinder block; a flywheel that is mounted to one end portion of the crankshaft; and a flywheel housing that is placed on a side of one end face of the cylinder block in a direction of the crankshaft and that houses the flywheel. The flywheel housing has a blow-by gas path through which a blow-by gas passes.

Abstract: A socket includes a housing including a connection surface to which an electronic device is connected, and a lever attached to the housing to be rotatable. The lever includes an operation portion that is rotatable between a first position and a second position and a contact portion that extends from the operation portion in a direction approaching the connection surface and rotates about the rotation axis together with the operation portion. The housing includes a restriction protrusion that comes into contact with a protruding portion protruding from the side portion of the electronic device toward the operation portion at the second position to restrict a movement of the electronic device in the first direction and in a direction away from the connection surface when the operation portion is rotated from the first position to the second position in a state where the electronic device is connected to the connection surface.

Abstract: A control circuit for a switch device including a first switch element including a movable contact and a drive coil that controls the movable contact of the first switch element, the control circuit for returning the movable contact when the drive coil turns off the movable contact after the drive coil turns on the movable contact during supply of a source voltage from a power source, the control circuit includes a second switch element inserted between a rectifier circuit or a surge absorbing element and the first switch element, the second switch element being turned off when the supply of the source voltage is turned off. The rectifier circuit or the surge absorbing element is connected between the power source and the control circuit. The first switch element is turned off the movable contact is returned by turning off the second switch element to turn off the first switch element.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a machining apparatus includes an electromotive saw and an attaching structure. The electromotive saw cuts off a workpiece to be machined. The attaching structure attaches the saw to an arm of a robot. Further, according to one implementation, a machining method is provided. In the machining method, a machined product is manufactured by processing a composite material or a honeycomb structure with a cutting tool attached to an arm of a robot. Further, according to one implementation, a machining method is provided. In the machining method, a machined product is manufactured by processing a workpiece to be machined with a cutting tool attached to an arm of a robot. The workpiece is processed along a shape of a jig for setting the workpiece. The workpiece is processed with contacting a guide with the jig. The guide is attached to the arm.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a drill includes the first cutting edges, the second cutting edges and a deflection reducer. The first cutting edges drill a prepared hole to a workpiece. The first cutting edges are formed in a tip side of the drill. The first point angle and each first relief angle of the first cutting edges continuously or intermittently decrease from the tip side toward a rear end side of the drill. The second cutting edges finish the prepared hole. The second cutting edges are formed at positions away in the rear end side from the first cutting edges. The second cutting edges have the second relief angles at a maximum diameter position. The deflection reducer reduces deflection of the second cutting edges by being inserted into the prepared hole. The deflection reducer is formed between the first cutting edges and the second cutting edges.

Abstract: A robot control system according to an embodiment is a control system for a robot comprising an arm, the arm being capable of holding a tool while rotating the tool and capable of moving the tool in at least two-dimensional directions, the arm being equipped with a rotating mechanism provided for the tool. The robot control system comprises a load-acquiring unit and a control-signal-generating unit. The load-acquiring unit is configured to acquire a force measured by a force sensor configured to measure a force applied from the tool to the arm during profile copying performed on a machining object by moving the arm while a copying guide attached to the arm and a copying mold placed on the machining object are kept in contact with each other.

Abstract: According to one implementation, a drill includes the first cutting edges, the second cutting edges and a deflection reducer. The first cutting edges drill a prepared hole to a workpiece. The first cutting edges are formed in a tip side of the drill. The first point angle and each first relief angle of the first cutting edges continuously or intermittently decrease from the tip side toward a rear end side of the drill. The second cutting edges finish the prepared hole. The second cutting edges are formed at positions away in the rear end side from the first cutting edges. The second cutting edges have the second relief angles at a maximum diameter position. The deflection reducer reduces deflection of the second cutting edges. The deflection reducer is formed between the first cutting edges and the second cutting edges. The deflection reducer is inserted into the prepared hole.

Abstract: A relay state determination device includes a voltage value acquisition unit, a contact bounce time acquisition unit, and a state determination unit. The voltage value acquisition unit acquires a voltage value between one pair of contacts mutually opened and closed in a relay. The contact bounce time acquisition unit obtains a contact bounce time indicated by the one pair of contacts based on the temporal change in the voltage value after the ON instruction to the relay. The state determination unit compares the contact bounce time with a time threshold value to determine whether or not the relay 4 has deteriorated.

Abstract: A relay state determination device according to the present invention includes: a voltage value acquisition unit that measures every moment a detected voltage detected from two ends of a shunt resistor; a voltage value difference calculation unit that calculates a voltage value difference between a first voltage value of when the detected voltage becomes minimum by an armature starting displacement after a primary-side switch is turned off and a second voltage value of when secondary-side contacts are opened; and a state determination unit that determines that a relay has deteriorated when the voltage value difference falls below a predetermined threshold value.