Abstract: Provided is a resin for a toner, which is a copolymer including a crystalline segment, and having a maximum elastic stress value at 100° C. (ES-100) of 1,000 Pa or less, and a maximum elastic stress value at 70° C. (ES70) of 1,000 Pa or greater when the temperature is lowered from 100° C. to 70° C., where the maximum elastic stress values are measured according to a large amplitude oscillatory shear procedure.

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline resin wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline resin having a urethane bond, a urea bond or both thereof, and wherein the crystalline resin has an average crystallite diameter of 20 nm to 70 nm.

Abstract: A toner, including: a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin includes a diol component and a crosslink component as constituent components thereof, wherein the diol component contains an aliphatic diol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in an amount of 50 mol % or more, wherein the crosslink component contains a trihydric or higher aliphatic alcohol, and wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C., where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner.

Abstract: A toner, including: a colorant; a binder resin; and a releasing agent, wherein the binder resin includes a polyester resin, and the toner satisfies requirements (1) and (2) below: (1): G?(50)?3.0×107 Pa and 1.0×105 Pa?G?(60)?1.0×107 Pa, where G?(50) is a storage modulus at 50° C. of the toner and G?(60) is a storage modulus at 60° C. of the toner; and (2): a spin-spin relaxation time of the toner at 50° C. measured by solid echo method of pulse NMR is 1.0 ms or shorter.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a rotor of a rotating electric machine includes a collector shaft which is fastened to a main shaft of the machine and mounted with paired collector rings on an outer circumferential surface thereof. Longitudinal lead bars extend in electrically insulated state in longitudinal lead grooves provided in an outer circumferential surface of the collector shaft and are connected to ring through studs. Radial lead bars are located at a collector shaft-side end portion of the main shaft and connect at their inner end portions to the bands. And, both ends of conductive longitudinal studs inserted into longitudinal through holes at a main shaft-side end portion of the collector shaft are connected to outer end portions of the radial lead bars and to the longitudinal lead bars.

Abstract: A toner includes a binder resin including a copolymer resin containing structural units derived from crystalline and non-crystalline resins, respectively. Spin-spin relaxation time (t50) of the toner at 50° C. measured by pulse NMR is ?0.05 msec., spin-spin relaxation time (t130) at 130° C. when warmed from 50° C. to 130° C. is >15 msec., and spin-spin relaxation time (t?70) at 70° C. when cooled from 130° C. to 70° C. is ?1.00 msec. A binarized image obtained by binarizing a phase image of the toner observed by a tapping mode AFM based on intermediate value between maximum and minimum phase difference values in the phase image includes first phase difference images constituted by large phase-difference portions and a second phase difference image constituted by a small phase-difference portion. The first phase difference images are dispersed in the second phase difference image. The dispersion diameter of the first phase difference images is 150 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the simple and highly accurate assay of PSA by a one-step reaction that does not use carriers having different average grain sizes. Also provided is a reagent therefor. The PSA assay method comprises sensitizing insoluble carriers having the same average grain size within a range of greater than 0.20 nm but 0.40 nm or less using two types of anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies having different epitopes that are anti-PSA monoclonal antibodies that will react with both free PSA and PSA-ACT, which is a complex of free PSA and ?1-antichymotrypsin, and bringing the carriers into contact with a sample in the presence of an aggregation promoter.

Abstract: A wind power generation system has a windmill, a lift improvement device, a power generator, a storage, and a controller. The windmill rotates when receiving an airflow. The lift improvement device has a capability of operating and halting, the lift improvement device increases a lift force to a blade of the windmill when operating. The power generator generates power by rotation of the windmill and a torque is generated in a direction suppressing rotation of the windmill. The storage stores a plurality of characteristic maps indicating characteristics of the torques of the power generator in relation to rotation speeds of the power generator. The controller controls a power generation amount of the power generator by switching and using the plurality of characteristic maps of the storage in correspondence with a state of operating or halting of the lift improvement device.

Abstract: A toner, wherein an amount of Al detected in the toner is 0.7% to 1.3%, where the amount of Al detected is determined based on quantitative analysis of Al by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS), and wherein [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is ?40° C. to 30° C., where the [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is a glass transition temperature measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of THF insoluble matter of the toner.

Abstract: Toner contains a binder resin containing a crystalline resin having a urethane and/or urea bonding; and a colorant, wherein in a diffraction spectrum of the toner as measured by an X-ray diffraction instrument, a ratio {C/(C+A)} of an integral intensity C of the spectrum derived from the crystalline structure to an integral intensity A of the spectrum derived from the non-crystalline structure is 0.12 or greater, wherein the toner satisfies the following relation 1: T1?T2?30° C. (Relation 1), where T1 represents the maximum endothermic peak in the first temperature rising from 0° C. to 100° C. at the temperature rising rate of 10° C./min and T2 represents the maximum exothermic peak in the first temperature falling from 100° C. to 0° C. at the temperature falling rate of 10° C./min as T1 and T2 are measured by diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: Toner contains a binder resin containing one or more kinds of crystalline resin and one or more kinds of non-crystalline resin. The non-crystalline resin located at the surface portion of the toner forms a shell structure of a continuous phase of the non-crystalline resin and the toner has an amount of melting heat of 30 J/g or more in a second temperature rising as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: A toner, wherein the toner satisfies a ratio XPS (%)/CIC (ppm) of 1.40×10?2 or less, where CIC (ppm) denotes a fluorine content ratio (ppm) determined by combustion ion chromatography and XPS (%) denotes a fluorine content ratio (%) determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis.

Abstract: A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.

Abstract: A magenta toner for electrophotography, including: a polyester resin; and a colorant containing a naphthol-based pigment, wherein the magenta toner for electrophotography satisfies requirements <1> and <2> below: <1> [G?(100)(THF insoluble matter)] is 1.0×105 Pa to 1.0×107 Pa, and a ratio of [G?(40)(THF insoluble matter)] to the [G?(100)(THF insoluble matter)] is 3.5×10 or less, where the [G?(100)(THF insoluble matter)] is a storage modulus at 100° C. of THF insoluble matter of the toner and the [G?(40)(THF insoluble matter)] is a storage modulus at 40° C. of the THF insoluble matter of the toner; and <2> an X-ray diffraction pattern of the naphthol-based pigment in a crystalline state has a plurality of peaks in a range of 0°?2??35°, and a sum of half value widths of the peaks is 5° to 10°.

Abstract: A resin for toner contains a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton and a rigid skeleton.

Abstract: Provided is a toner containing a binder resin. The binder resin contains a crystalline resin. The toner has a maximum endothermic peak temperature (P1) of from 50° C. to 80° C. and a total endothermic amount (Q) of from 35 J/g to 90 J/g at a first temperature elevation of differential scanning calorimetry. A ratio (Qp/Q) of a total endothermic amount (Qp) of the toner in a temperature range of from 20° C. to the maximum endothermic peak temperature (P1) to the total endothermic amount (Q) of the toner is from 0.65 to 0.83.

Abstract: A toner, including: base particles containing a polyester resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C. where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner, wherein tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter of the toner has a glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] of 30° C. or lower where the glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble to matter)] is measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the THF insoluble matter, and wherein 50% or less of the colorant is present within a region of 1,000 nm from a surface of each of the base particles toward a center thereof.

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline resin wherein the crystalline resin contains a crystalline resin having a urethane bond, a urea bond or both thereof, and wherein the crystalline resin has an average crystallite diameter of 20 nm to 70 nm.

Abstract: A toner of the present invention includes at least a colorant and a resin, has crystallinity CX or 20 or greater, and has a dynamic viscoelasticity characteristic in which a logarithmic value Log G?(50) of storage elastic modulus (Pa) at 50° C. is from 6.5 to 8.0 and a logarithmic value Log G?(65) of storage elastic modulus (Pa) at 65° C. is from 4.5 to 6.0, when the dynamic viscoelasticity characteristic is measured by temperature sweep from 40° C., at a frequency of 1 Hz, at a strain amount control of 0.1%, and at a temperature elevating rate of 2° C./min.

Abstract: A toner including at least a crystalline resin as a binder resin, wherein a tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner includes 5.0% or more as a peak area of a component having a molecular weight of 100,000 or greater in a molecular weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography, and the tetrahydrofuran soluble content of the toner has a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000 to 60,000.