Abstract: A plasma processing system includes: first and second processing chambers having respective first and second substrate supports; a transport chamber connected to the first and second processing chambers, and having a transport device; and a controller that executes processing of (a) disposing a substrate including a silicon-containing film having a recess portion and a mask on the silicon-containing film on the first substrate support of the first processing chamber, (b) forming a carbon-containing film on a side wall of the silicon-containing film defining the recess portion in the first processing chamber, (c) transporting the substrate from the first processing chamber to the second processing chamber via the transport chamber and disposing the substrate on the second substrate support, and (d) etching a bottom portion of the recess portion where the carbon-containing film is formed by using a plasma formed from a first processing gas in the second processing chamber.

Abstract: A developing agent comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin having an acid value of 1 to 30, a glass transition temperature of 40 to 65° C. and a softening point of 80 to 140° C., an azo-based iron complex, and a colorant and/or a first magnetic particle. This developing agent is suited for use in a fixing device of electromagnetic induction heating system.

Abstract: A toner for two-component developer characterized in that the surface area (A) of the toner mother particles containing linear polyester resin and coloring agents and the total projection area (B) of the external additives in diameter less than 50 nm that are added to the surface of the toner mother particles are as follows: 75%≦B/A≦150%

Abstract: A method for developing electrostatic latent image on the surface of a photosensitive drum using one-component developer. The developer has an average particle diameter of 7-15 .mu.m. Particles of up to 5 .mu.m diameter constitutes at most 25% in the particle number distribution. Particles of no less than 20 .mu.m diameter constitute at most 5% in the particle size volume distribution. The developer particles can be sufficiently triboelectrically charged so as to prevent fogging of developed images and to obtain developer images of good quality.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a humidity detector which is detachably attached to the main apparatus body that accommodates an image forming member. The humidity detector detects a humidity in the vicinity of the image forming member, converts the detected humidity into a relative humidity and outputs it. Based on the value of the output relative humidity, image forming conditions, such as the amount of exposure, are set. The humidity detecting unit contains a time detecting unit for detecting the time for replacement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a developing method which comprises forming a developing agent layer on the surface of a developing agent-carrying body by pressing a developing agent to the developing-agent carrying body by means of a coating member, and electrostatically depositing toner particles from the developing agent layer onto an electrostatic latent image formed on an image-bearing body which faces the developing agent layer. The developing agent contains toner particles including a synthetic resin with a glass transition point of 50.degree. C. or above and a softening point of 110.degree. to 116.degree. C. and white or colorless auxiliary particles, said auxiliary particles being capable of being oppositely charged with respect to the polarity of the charge on the charged toner particles or charged to a lower positive potential than the positively charged toner particles or charged to a higher negative potential than the negatively charged toner particles.

Abstract: A method for developing electrostatic latent images on the surface of a photosensitive drum uses a one-component developer. The developer has an amount of triboelectric charge within the range of about 30-100 .mu.m c/m.sup.2, and a true specific gravity of at least about 1.2. The developer can be sufficiently moved to the electrostatic latent image so as to prevent fogging of developed images and to consistently obtain developed images of good quality.

Abstract: A developing method for converting an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an electrostatic latent image holder into a visible image by arranging the electrostatic latent image holder for holding the electrostatic latent image thereon and a toner conveyor for conveying non-magnetic one-component type toner thereon an extremely small space apart from each other; applying the non-magnetic one-component type toner onto the toner conveyor; and transferring the toner to the electrostatic image holder, satisfies the following requirements: the aforesaid developing agent is composed of non-magnetic type toner; the frictional charge quantity relative to the surface of the non-magnetic type toner is +30 100 .mu.C; and fluidity is 5 g or less in terms of the toner amounting to 20 g but remaining on a 100-mesh sieve after it has been vibrated at a rate of 3,000 V.P.M. and an amplitude of 1 mm for 30 seconds.

Abstract: A developing apparatus comprises a developing roll for carrying a nonmagentic toner thereon, and an elastic blade pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the developing roll to apply the toner thereto. The toner is applied to the surface of the developing roll by the elastic blade to form a thin layer of the toner on the surface of the developing roll. The thin layer is opposed to a photosensitive body to deposit the toner on a latent image on the photosensitive body. The developing roll has a surface which is opposite to the photosensitive body and the whole of which is roughened.

Abstract: A developing apparatus comprises a developing roll for carrying a nonmagnetic toner thereon, and an elastic blade pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the developing roll to apply the toner thereto. The toner is applied to the surface of the developing roll by the elastic blade to form a thin layer of the toner on the surface of the developing roll. The thin layer is opposed to a photosensitive body to deposit the toner on a latent image on the photosensitive body. The developing roll has a surface which is opposite to the photosensitive body and the whole of which is roughened.