Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is provided including an electrophotographic photosensitive member which includes a surface protective layer; and an exposure device which irradiates a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with an exposure beam so as to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the surface protective layer includes a material having no structure to provide charge transporting performance and has a plurality of through holes penetrating from the side of the front surface of the surface protective layer to the side of the charge transport layer, and the thickness of the surface protective layer is from 0.1 ?m or more to 1.5 ?m or less, and wherein when the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is irradiated with the exposure beam, two or more of the through holes are included in an exposure beam spot.

Abstract: A charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, contains a charge transporting material, and a polyester resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety and at least one of a polyester resin C having a specific structure and a polycarbonate resin D having a specific structure as a binder resin. The content of the siloxane moiety in the polyester resin A is from 5% by mass or more to 30% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polyester resin A. The charge transport layer includes a domain made of the polyester resin A in a matrix made of the charge transporting material and at least one of the polyester resin C and the polycarbonate resin D.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent cleaning performance, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus, each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a plurality of flat portions having a width e (?m) that satisfies the relationship 0.1?e?25 and a plurality of groove portions having a width w (?m) that satisfies the relationship 0.1?w?25 and a depth d (?m) that satisfies the relationship 0.1?d?3.0, the flat portions and the groove portions being alternately formed at an angle ? (°) that satisfies the relationship 80???100 with respect to the axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The sum esum (?m) of the widths e of the flat portions per each width of 100 ?m in the axial direction of the peripheral surface satisfies the relationship 5?esum?75, and e?/eAv satisfies the relationship e?/eAv?0.