Abstract: A dichroic or trichromatic transparent display apparatus through which a background view is seen comprises a transparent substrate, a hologram formed on a rear face of the transparent substrate, a dispersion liquid crystal device disposed in front of a front face of the transparent substrate, a light source disposed for facing a side face of the transparent substrate and a transparent layer at least partially provided between the transparent substrate and the hologram. The refractive index of the transparent layer is smaller than that of the transparent substrate. A first light emitted from the light source and having a first wavelength is totally reflected by the boundary face between the transparent substrate and the transparent layer so that the first light moves to and is diffracted by a first region of the hologram where the transparent layer is not provided. A second light having a second wavelength is diffracted by a second region of the hologram where the transparent layer is provided.

Abstract: To achieve a backlighting device having excellent light utilization, there is provided an edge lighting-type backlight having a light guiding member, a high-refractive-index layer formed thereon and having a higher refractive index than the light guiding member, and a scattering layer formed on the high-refractive-index layer.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to this invention realizes three-dimensional picture images without using lenticular lenses etc. In addition, this liquid crystal display device has a transparent picture screen so that remote display picture images or three-dimensional picture images of high luminance are seen multiplexed with the background. The display device is constructed by arranging picture elements in which volume-phase type holograms are formed by a periodical construction of liquid crystals and polymers. Diffraction light from first picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a left eye of an observer while diffraction light from second picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a right eye of an observer. The condition of the picture elements are switched to diffract irradiated light or to transmit the light, thus a desired picture image comprising a dot matrix can be displayed.

Abstract: To achieve a backlighting device having excellent light utilization, there is provided an edge lighting-type backlight having a light guiding member, a high-refractive-index layer formed thereon and having a higher refractive index than the light guiding member, and a scattering layer formed on the high-refractive-index layer. Light from a light source disposed facing the edge of the light guiding member enters the high-refractive-index layer through the light guiding member, and effectively scatters scatterers to produce high brightness, and furthermore, to achieve a color display device that eliminates color.

Abstract: A head up display unit equipped at least with transparent and flat image information display means, transparent and flat light irradiating means arranged in an opposed and close contact relationship with the image information display means, light supply means for supplying light to the light irradiating means, image-display control means for controlling image display, and light-supply control means for controlling light supply. The display unit is a compact head up display unit which can be used in any place in the interior of an automobile.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to this invention realizes three-dimensional picture images without using lenticular lenses etc. In addition, this liquid crystal display device has a transparent picture screen so that remote display picture images or three-dimensional picture images of high luminance are seen multiplexed with the background. The display device is constructed by arranging picture elements in which volume-phase type holograms are formed by a periodical construction of liquid crystals and polymers. Diffraction light from first picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a left eye of an observer while diffraction light from second picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a right eye of an observer. The condition of the picture elements are switched to diffract irradiated light or to transmit the light, thus a desired picture image comprising a dot matrix can be displayed.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device according to this invention realizes three-dimensional picture images without using lenticular lenses etc. In addition, this liquid crystal display device has a transparent picture screen so that remote display picture images or three-dimensional picture images of high luminance are seen multiplexed with the background. The display device is constructed by arranging picture elements in which volume-phase type holograms are formed by a periodical construction of liquid crystals and polymers. Diffraction light from first picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a left eye of an observer while diffraction light from second picture element groups which are distributed uniformly reaches a right eye of an observer. The condition of the picture elements are switched to diffract irradiated light or to transmit the light, thus a desired picture image comprising a dot matrix can be displayed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-monoalkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) dimethylsilyl-1-propyne polymers which comprises polymerizing a 1-monoalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)dimethylsilyl-1-propyne monomer in the presence of a compound of a transition metal and a member selected from .alpha.,.omega.-dihydropolydialkylsiloxanes and polyalkylhydrosiloxanes in a solvent inert to the polymerization. The polymerization reaction proceeds at low temperatures in an efficient manner. Membranes of the resultant polymer have a high gas transmission and suffer but little degradation when placed under severe temperature conditions.

Abstract: An artificial neural function circuit includes an organic thin film element having a resistance state which changes in dependence on an electrical signal inputted thereto and exhibits information processing function similar to that of a nervous system. The organic thin film element has such physical properties that the changed resistance state is held as it is at least for a predetermined time period even after removal of the electric input signal and that the direction in which the resistance is increased or decreased depends on the polarity of the electric input signal. As an example of such organic thin film, a lead phthalocyanine thin film is employed.

Abstract: A permselective composite membrane comprising a porous support of a polysulfone or a polyether sulfone in combination with an ultrathin film of a defined polyacetylene whereby an interfacial layer is formed between the support and ultrathin film by the combination of the polysulfone or polyether sulfone and the polyacetylene and facilitates a gas permeability and a separation ratio of an intended gas and a useless gas. The ultrathin film may be covered with another ultrathin film of a different polymer. The interfacial layer made of phthalocyanine or its coordination compound may be provided between the support and the first-mentioned ultrathin film. In this case, various materials for the support and the first-mentioned ultrathin film may be used.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-monoalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)dimethylsilyl-1-propyne polymers which comprises polymerizing a 1-monoalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)dimethylsilyl-1-propyne monomer in the presence of a compound of a transition metal and a member selected from .alpha.,.omega.-dihydropolydialkylsiloxanes and polyalkyldihydrosiloxanes in a solvent inert for the polymerization. The polymerization reaction proceeds at low temperatures in an efficient manner. The membrane of the resultant polymer has a high gas transmission and suffers little degradation when placed under severe temperature conditions.

Abstract: A modulatory molecular element includes a chain of molecules A and molecules Bi. The molecules A alternate with the molecules Bi and are bound to the adjacent molecules Bi. The molecules A are selected from common molecules. The molecules Bi are selected from at least two different types of molecules. The molecules Bi are changeable from first stable states to second stable states in response to applied stimulative energy. The molecules Bi return from the second stable states to the first stable states at different relaxation time constants dependent on the types of the molecules Bi when the applied stimulative energy is removed. The chain has a physical property which depends on whether or not all the molecules Bi are in the second stable states.

Abstract: A method for making a polymer thin film wherein a first polymer thin film is formed on a support liquid, on which a solution of a second polymer is dropped is described. The first polymer film is pulled in opposite directions to break the first polymer film as a slit, from which the second polymer solution is cast on the support liquid. As a result, the solution can spread uniformly without involving any appreciable irregularity in thickness of a final film product.

Abstract: A selective gas-permeable film comprising a crosslinked copolymer product of a bifunctional polyorganosiloxane and a mixture of a styrene polymer having an aromatic ring at the side chain thereof, a phenolic polymer having an aromatic ring at the main chain thereof or an addition polymer of a phenolic compound and a phenyl ether compound joined through methylene groups and a polymer having functional end hydroxyl groups. Alternatively, the copolymer product may be of the bifunctional polyorganosiloxane and the addition polymer alone.