Abstract: A holding device includes a ceramic substrate including a plate-shaped member containing ceramics as a main component and including a first surface for holding an object and a gas flow path formed therein. The gas flow path includes, in a part thereof, a porous region that is a region in which a gas-permeable porous body that contains ceramics as a main component and includes a large number of pores is disposed. The porous body includes, as the pores, a large number of large-diameter pores whose median particle diameter is greater than 20 ?m and less than or equal to 55 ?m and a large number of small-diameter pores whose median particle diameter is greater than or equal to 3 ?m and less than or equal to 20 ?m. A volume percent of the large-diameter pores is greater than a volume percent of the small-diameter pores.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction single cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr and at least one of Y, Sc, and Ca, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, a cathode containing Sr and Co and disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. In the electrochemical reaction single cell, an SrZrO3 integrated value calculated by a predetermined method is 600 to 10,300. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction single cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction unit cell including an electrolyte layer containing a solid oxide; a cathode and an anode which face each other in a first direction with the electrolyte layer intervening therebetween; and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode and containing a first cerium oxide. In the electrochemical reaction unit cell, the cathode includes an active layer containing a strontium-containing perovskite oxide, a second cerium oxide, sulfur, and strontium sulfate and having ion conductivity and electron conductivity, and a grain of the strontium sulfate covers at least a portion of the surface of a grain of the second cerium oxide.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction single cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr and at least one of Y, Sc, and Ca, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, a cathode containing Sr and Co and disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. The electrochemical reaction single cell exhibits an interface contact ratio of 25.5% to 68.6%, wherein the interface contact ratio is the ratio of the sum of the lengths of portions containing neither SrZrO3 nor cavities of an interfacial surface of the intermediate layer on the electrolyte layer side to the total length of the interfacial surface. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction single cells, at least one of which is the above described electrochemical reaction single cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction unit cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction, a cathode containing Sr and disposed on another side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction, and a reaction preventing layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. The reaction preventing layer contains Zr in an amount of 0.015 wt % to 1 wt %.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction single cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr and at least one of Y, Sc, and Ca, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, a cathode containing Sr and Co and disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. The electrochemical reaction single cell exhibits an interface contact ratio of 25.5% to 68.6%, wherein the interface contact ratio is the ratio of the sum of the lengths of portions containing neither SrZrO3 nor cavities of an interfacial surface of the intermediate layer on the electrolyte layer side to the total length of the interfacial surface. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction single cells, at least one of which is the above described electrochemical reaction single cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction single cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr and at least one of Y, Sc, and Ca, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer, a cathode containing Sr and Co and disposed on the other side of the electrolyte layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. In the electrochemical reaction single cell, an SrZrO3 integrated value calculated by a predetermined method is 600 to 10,300. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction single cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction unit cell including an electrolyte layer containing a solid oxide; a cathode and an anode which face each other in a first direction with the electrolyte layer intervening therebetween; and an intermediate layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode and containing a first cerium oxide. In the electrochemical reaction unit cell, the cathode includes an active layer containing a strontium-containing perovskite oxide, a second cerium oxide, sulfur, and strontium sulfate and having ion conductivity and electron conductivity, and a grain of the strontium sulfate covers at least a portion of the surface of a grain of the second cerium oxide.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction unit cell including an electrolyte layer containing Zr, an anode disposed on one side of the electrolyte layer in a first direction, a cathode containing Sr and disposed on another side of the electrolyte layer in the first direction, and a reaction preventing layer disposed between the electrolyte layer and the cathode. The reaction preventing layer contains Zr in an amount of 0.015 wt % to 1 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a VP dewatering method being applicable over a wide range, having good handling properties, and being economically efficient and highly energy-saving, which comprises compression-pressuring a dewatered vapor product to elevate a condensation temperature thereof and then re-using the same as a heat source for vaporizing a supply liquid. In dewatering a water-containing organic substance which is a liquid starting material according to a vapor permeation membrane separation method, a dewatered organic substance vapor discharged from a membrane module is pressurized with a compressor to elevate the condensation temperature of the vapor and then the vapor is fed to a vaporizer of said method to collect and use the latent heat of condensation thereof.

Abstract: To reduce an influence of concentration polarization in a simple structure without an outer membrane element 32 and baffles, reduce a manufacturing cost of a module, and reduce a risk of damaging a membrane surface during manufacture. A plurality of horizontal cylindrical membrane elements 32 are disposed to form a row in a vertical direction in a module main body 11. An inside of each of the membrane elements is depressurized. A treatment liquid is sprayed from above the uppermost membrane element 32 so as to form a falling liquid membrane on outer faces of the respective membrane elements 32.

Abstract: To reduce an influence of concentration polarization in a simple structure without an outer membrane element 32 and baffles, reduce a manufacturing cost of a module, and reduce a risk of damaging a membrane surface during manufacture. A plurality of horizontal cylindrical membrane elements 32 are disposed to form a row in a vertical direction in a module main body 11. An inside of each of the membrane elements is depressurized. A treatment liquid is sprayed from above the uppermost membrane element 32 so as to form a falling liquid membrane on outer faces of the respective membrane elements 32.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a VP dewatering method being applicable over a wide range, having good handling properties, and being economically efficient and highly energy-saving, which comprises compression-pressuring a dewatered vapor product to elevate a condensation temperature thereof and then re-using the same as a heat source for vaporizing a supply liquid. In dewatering a water-containing organic substance which is a liquid starting material according to a vapor permeation membrane separation method, a dewatered organic substance vapor discharged from a membrane module is pressurized with a compressor to elevate the condensation temperature of the vapor and then the vapor is fed to a vaporizer of said method to collect and use the latent heat of condensation thereof.

Abstract: To provide a compact lifter device, which can attain a work-piece's lifting/lowering operation in a stable supporting state and can reduce the parts number and an assembly load.

Abstract: To provide a compact lifter device, which can attain a work-piece's lifting/lowering operation in a stable supporting state and can reduce the parts number and an assembly load.

Abstract: This invention provides a compact effluent water reclamation apparatus which is minimized in the kinds and amounts of chemicals to be used for the recovery of water to thereby reduce the amount of waste and eliminate equipment which necessitates a large area for installation. The effluent water reclamation apparatus comprises a reverse osmosis device and is adapted to treat acid-alkali effluent water containing organic matter but no fluorine, by concentrating the acid-alkali effluent water containing organic matter by reverse osmosis, evaporating the resulting concentrated water to dryness and collecting the water permeating through a reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: For each control period, a position of each elevator of a plurality of elevating devices is calculated, the farthest elevator from a designated movement destination position is determined as a reference elevator based on the position of each elevator thus calculated, position deviations of other elevators are calculated with respect to a position of the reference elevator, actuators of the elevators other than the reference elevator which have the position deviations outside a predetermined range are off controlled, and actuators of the elevator having the position deviation within the predetermined range and the reference elevator are on controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for manufacturing ultra-pure water, characterized in that a decarbonator/degassor and a reverse osmosis equipment for pretreatment of supply water are installed in the upper stream of a multiple effect evaporator. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing ultra-pure water, characterized in that most of the carbonic groups dissolved in the supply water is degassed by a decarbonating/degassing treatment prior to introducing the water to the multiple effect evaporator, and that most of the scale components such as Ca.sup.++, SO.sub.4.sup.-- and Mg.sup.++ are also eliminated by a reverse osmosis treatment.

Abstract: A degreasing-cleaning method which employs as a liquid cleaning agent pure water having a resistivity of at least 10 megohm-cm and a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. The pure water is sprayed onto the article to be cleaned at a pressure of at least 8 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: This invention has for its object to do away with the defects of the prevailing transfer pinion carrier plates made of metal. In the process of manufacturing a metallic carrier plate, a separately prepared small shaft for supporting the transfer pinion should be planted vertically to the plate with care. Further, as the transfer pinion is only partially surrounded by the plate, a gap is always formed between each pair of the figure wheels of the completed odometer. Such a gap not only admits the intrusion of dust and dirt into the odometer but invites the destruction of the transfer pinion permitting the insertion of a sharp tool through the gap inadvertently or by a malicious person. All such defects may be effectively avoided by producing carrier plates with plastic materials in accordance with the present invention.