Abstract: The present invention provides a hot cathode discharge lamp comprising an electrode that has a filament coil, a first and a second connection-reinforcing members (5a) and (5b), a first and a second lead-in wires (6a) and (6b), the filament coil including: a coil part (4a); a first lead wire (4b) connected to the first lead-in wire (6a) via the first connection-reinforcing member (5a); and a second lead wire (4c) connected to the second lead-in wire (6b) via the second connection-reinforcing member (5b), wherein a first plane of the first connection-reinforcing member (6a) and a second plane of the second connection-reinforcing member (6b) intersect with each other. According to this structure, the filament is more resistant to swinging and is more stably fixed than the filaments of the conventional lamps, even if the filament is extended in the direction of the tube axis in order to extend the lamp life.

Abstract: A hot-cathode fluorescent lamp includes a pair of filament coils (4) at the respective ends of a glass bulb. Each filament coil (4) has a coiled portion (4a) coated with an electron emissive material, a first lead portion (4b) extending from one end of the coiled portion (4a), and a second lead portion (4c) extending from another end of the coiled portion (4a). The first lead portion (4b) and the second lead portion (4c) are connected to lead-in wires inserted into the glass bulb via connecting members (5a, 5b). At least one insulating member (11a or 11b) is provided between closest edges of the connecting members (5a, 5b) to each other. The provision of the insulating member prevents a short circuit occurring between the closest edges of the plate-shaped connecting members during lighting. Occurrence of such a short circuit would cause lighting to start without the coil portion being sufficiently pre-heated, which results in excessive sputtering of the electron emissive material to shorten the lamp life.

Abstract: A hot-cathode fluorescent lamp includes a pair of filament coils (4) at the respective ends of a glass bulb. Each filament coil (4) has a coiled portion (4a) coated with an electron emissive material. Each coiled portion is covered by a heat-resistant sleeves (7). At least a region of the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve is electrically insulating. The insulating region prevents a short circuit between the coiled portion of the filament coil and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve that would otherwise occur upon lighting. Occurrence of such a short circuit would cause lighting to start without the coil portion being sufficiently pre-heated, which results in excessive sputtering of the electron emissive material to shorten the lamp life.

Abstract: A fluorescent device contains a phosphor adhesive glass composite expressed by xSiO2.yB2O3.aZnO.bAl2O3.cMgO.mXO, where X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba, 5≦x≦70 mol %, 0≦y≦30 mol %, x+y≧20 mol %, and 5≦m≦60 mol %.

Abstract: A light irradiation method and apparatus which emits light to avoid a photochemical reaction which returns an intermediate product to a pigment, in which a photochemical reaction or a thermochemical reaction transforms the pigment into the intermediate product, and at least a thermochemical reaction transforms the intermediate product into a pigment decomposed substance. Therefore, the photosensitization by irradiation with light is made brighter without increasing the total quantity of photons by irradiation with light in a specific time.