Abstract: A method for manufacturing an integrated avalanche photodetector comprising steps of providing a silicon-insulator substrate including a top layer, an insulator layer and a base layer; partially removing the top layer to form an optical waveguide over the insulator layer; forming an opening at least through the cladding layer and the insulator layer extending to a first portion of the base layer; and forming an avalanche photodetector over the first portion of the base layer at least in the opening and optically coupled to the waveguide. In one embodiment, the avalanche photodetector is butt-coupled to the optical waveguide. In another embodiment, the avalanche photodetector is evanescently coupled to the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an integrated photodetector may include steps of providing a silicon-insulator substrate including a top layer, an insulator layer, and a base layer; partially removing the top layer to form an optical waveguide over the insulator layer; forming an opening at least through the cladding layer and the insulator layer extending to a first portion of the base layer; and epitaxially growing a lattice-mismatched semiconductor layer over the first portion of the base layer at least in the opening, at least a portion of the semiconductor layer extending above the insulator layer to form a photodetector including an intrinsic region optically coupled to the waveguide. In one embodiment, the intrinsic region of the photodetector is butt-coupled to the optical waveguide. In another embodiment, the intrinsic region of the photodetector is evanescently coupled to the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The light sensor and waveguide are positioned on a base such that a light signal guided by the waveguide is received at the light sensor. The waveguide includes a taper configured such that a ratio of a width of the waveguide at a first location in the taper:the width of the waveguide at a second location in the taper is greater than 1.2:1 where a length of the taper between the first location and the second location is less than 60 ?m.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to manage the diffusion process by controlling the diffusion path in the semiconductor fabrication process is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for processing a substrate comprising steps of forming one or more diffusion areas on said substrate; disposing the substrate in a diffusion chamber, wherein the diffusion chamber is under a vacuum condition and a source material therein is heated and evaporated; and diffusing the source material into the diffusion area on said substrate, wherein said source material travels through a diffusion controlling unit adapted to manage the flux thereof in the diffusion chamber, so concentration of the source material is uniform in a diffusion region above the substrate.

Abstract: An optical device has a waveguide immobilized on a base. A lens is defined by the base. A reflecting side reflects a light signal that travels on an optical pathway that extends through the lens and into the waveguide. The reflecting side is positioned to reflect the light signal as the light signal travels along a portion of the optical pathway between the lens and the waveguide. An optical insulator that confines the light signal within the waveguide. The portion of the optical pathway between the lens and the waveguide extends through the optical insulator such that the light signal is transmitted through the optical insulator.

Abstract: The ring resonator includes waveguides configured to guide light signals. The waveguides include an input waveguide and one or more loop waveguides. One of the loop waveguides is a primary loop waveguide that is optically coupled with the input waveguide at a wavelength of light. A tuner is configured to tune the wavelength at which the light is optically coupled from the input waveguide into the primary loop waveguide. One or more light detectors are each configured to provide an output indicating an intensity of light guided in one of the one or more loop waveguides. Electronics are configured to tune the tuner in response to the output from the light detector.

Abstract: The light sensor is included on an optical device having a waveguide on a base. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through a crystalline light-transmitting medium. The light sensor is also positioned on the base and is configured to receive the light signal from the waveguide. The light sensor includes a planar interface between two different materials. The interface is at a 45° angle relative to a <110> direction of the light-transmitting medium.

Abstract: A high-speed photodiode may include a photodiode structure having a substrate, a light-absorbing layer and a light-directing layer that is deposited on a top surface of the photodiode structure and patterned to form a textured surface used to change the angle of incident light to increase a light path of the incident light when entering the photodiode structure. In one embodiment, the light-directing layer may include a plurality of polygon such as triangular projections to refract the incident light to increase the light path thereof when entering the photodiode structure. In another embodiment, a plurality of nanoscaled sub-triangular projections can patterned on both sides of each triangular projection to more effectively increase the light paths. In a further embodiment, porous materials can be used to form the light-directing layer.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-transmitting medium positioned on a base. The light-transmitting medium includes a slab region and a ridge extending upward from the slab region. The ridge defines a portion of an optical waveguide on the device. A modulator is also positioned on the base. The modulator includes a first doped region of the light-transmitting medium and a second doped region of the light-transmitting medium. The first doped region and the second doped region are configured such that a depletion region forms in the waveguide when an electrical bias is not applied to the modulator. At least a portion of the first doped region is positioned in the ridge and at least a portion of the second doped region is positioned in the slab region. The light-transmitting medium includes a first electrical pathway extending from a first location to the first doped region. The first location is on top of the light-transmitting medium and is spaced apart from the ridge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to manage the diffusion process by controlling the diffusion path in the semiconductor fabrication process is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for processing a substrate comprising steps of forming one or more diffusion areas on said substrate; disposing the substrate in a diffusion chamber, wherein the diffusion chamber is under a vacuum condition and a source material therein is heated and evaporated; and diffusing the source material into the diffusion area on said substrate, wherein said source material travels through a diffusion controlling unit adapted to manage the flux thereof in the diffusion chamber, so concentration of the source material is uniform in a diffusion region above the substrate.

Abstract: A high-speed photodiode may include a photodiode structure having a substrate, a light-absorbing layer and a light-directing layer that is deposited on a top surface of the photodiode structure and patterned to form a textured surface used to change the angle of incident light to increase a light path of the incident light when entering the photodiode structure. In one embodiment, the light-directing layer may include a plurality of polygon such as triangular projections to refract the incident light to increase the light path thereof when entering the photodiode structure. In another embodiment, a plurality of nanoscaled sub-triangular projections can patterned on both sides of each triangular projection to more effectively increase the light paths. In a further embodiment, porous materials can be used to form the light-directing layer.

Abstract: The system includes a light-transmitting medium positioned on a base. The light-transmitting medium included a ridge and a slab region. The ridge extends upward from the slab region and defines a portion of a waveguide on the base. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the device. The device also includes an avalanche effect light sensor positioned on the base and configured to detect the presence of the light signal. The light sensor includes a light-absorbing medium positioned on the ridge of the light-transmitting medium such that the light signal is coupled from the light-transmitting medium into the light-absorbing medium. The light-transmitting includes a charge layer located at an interface of the light-transmitting medium and the light-absorbing medium. A multiplication region is formed in the slab regions of the light-transmitting medium such that the multiplication region receives charge carriers from the charge layer during the operation of the light sensor.

Abstract: An optical device includes an active component on a base. The active component is a light sensor and/or a light modulator. The active component is configured to guide a light signal through a ridge of an active medium extending upwards from slab regions of the active medium. The slab regions are on opposing sides of the ridge. The active medium includes a doped region that extends into a lateral side of the ridge and also into one of the slab regions. The depth that the doped region extends into the slab region is further than the depth that the doped region extends into the ridge.

Abstract: An optical device includes an active component on a base. The active component is a light sensor and/or a light modulator. The active component is configured to guide a light signal through a ridge of an active medium extending upwards from slab regions of the active medium. The slab regions are on opposing sides of the ridge. The active medium includes a doped region that extends into a lateral side of the ridge and also into one of the slab regions. The depth that the doped region extends into the slab region is further than the depth that the doped region extends into the ridge.

Abstract: An optical device includes an active component on a base. The active component is a light sensor and/or a light modulator. The active component is configured to guide a light signal through a ridge of an active medium extending upwards from slab regions of the active medium. The slab regions are on opposing sides of the ridge. The active medium includes a doped region that extends into a lateral side of the ridge and also into one of the slab regions. The depth that the doped region extends into the slab region is further than the depth that the doped region extends into the ridge.

Abstract: An optical device includes an active component on a base. The active component is a light sensor and/or a light modulator. The active component is configured to guide a light signal through a ridge of an active medium extending upwards from slab regions of the active medium. The slab regions are on opposing sides of the ridge. The active medium includes a doped region that extends into a lateral side of the ridge and also into one of the slab regions. The depth that the doped region extends into the slab region is further than the depth that the doped region extends into the ridge.

Abstract: The device includes an optical waveguide on a base. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through a light-transmitting medium. A light sensor is also positioned on the base. The light sensor including a ridge extending from slab regions. The slab regions are positioned on opposing sides of the ridge. A light-absorbing medium is positioned to receive at least a portion of the light signal from the light-transmitting medium included in the waveguide. The light-absorbing medium is included in the ridge and also in the slab regions. The light-absorbing medium includes doped regions positioned such that an application of a reverse bias across the doped regions forms an electrical field in the light-absorbing medium included in the ridge.

Abstract: The system includes a light-transmitting medium positioned on a base. The light-transmitting medium included a ridge and a slab region. The ridge extends upward from the slab region and defines a portion of a waveguide on the base. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the device. The device also includes an avalanche effect light sensor positioned on the base and configured to detect the presence of the light signal. The light sensor includes a light-absorbing medium positioned on the ridge of the light-transmitting medium such that the light signal is coupled from the light-transmitting medium into the light-absorbing medium. The light-transmitting includes a charge layer located at an interface of the light-transmitting medium and the light-absorbing medium. A multiplication region is formed in the slab regions of the light-transmitting medium such that the multiplication region receives charge carriers from the charge layer during the operation of the light sensor.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light-transmitting medium positioned on a base. The light-transmitting medium includes a slab region and a ridge extending upward from the slab region. The ridge defines a portion of an optical waveguide on the device. A modulator is also positioned on the base. The modulator includes a first doped region of the light-transmitting medium and a second doped region of the light-transmitting medium. The first doped region and the second doped region are configured such that a depletion region forms in the waveguide when an electrical bias is not applied to the modulator. At least a portion of the first doped region is positioned in the ridge and at least a portion of the second doped region is positioned in the slab region. The light-transmitting medium includes a first electrical pathway extending from a first location to the first doped region. The first location is on top of the light-transmitting medium and is spaced apart from the ridge.

Abstract: The ring resonator includes waveguides configured to guide light signals. The waveguides include an input waveguide and one or more loop waveguides. One of the loop waveguides is a primary loop waveguide that is optically coupled with the input waveguide at a wavelength of light. A tuner is configured to tune the wavelength at which the light is optically coupled from the input waveguide into the primary loop waveguide. One or more light detectors are each configured to provide an output indicating an intensity of light guided in one of the one or more loop waveguides. Electronics are configured to tune the tuner in response to the output from the light detector.