Abstract: A probiotic combination for inhibition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci includes Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CG, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The probiotic combination can inhibit growth, host cell attachment, or virulence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and also can inhibit virulence gene expression of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The virulence gene includes at least one of asa1, acm, ebpA, ebpB, ebpC, efaA, sagA, esp, sgrA, and scm genes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and a device for determining whether a sample contains ampicillin-resistant (AMP-R) non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). The method comprises detecting, in the sample, the presence of a combination of certain genes or their gene products, wherein the presence of said combination indicates the sample contains AMP-R NTS.

Abstract: A probiotic combination for inhibition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci includes Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CG, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The probiotic combination can inhibit growth, host cell attachment, or virulence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and also can inhibit virulence gene expression of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The virulence gene includes at least one of asa1, acm, ebpA, ebpB, ebpC, efaA, sagA, esp, sgrA, and scm genes.

Abstract: This invention disclosed a method to detect bioparticles in the biological samples (stools, urine, or other body fluids). Bioparticles (e.g. virus, bacteria, and cells) often serve as carrier/indicator of pathogens and/or toxins. The method employs a substrate with interlaced comb-like electrodes on which a certain amount of sample mixed with antibodies-coated gold nanoparticles is dropped. Then the alternative signals with specific frequency bands are applied on the comb-like electrodes so that under such a DEP force the Au-modified bioparticles can be separated from the other constituents of the sample and can be absorbed effectively onto the edges of the electrodes. After rinsed with water to remove the residual sample several times, the device will be measured for the impedance of the absorbed bioparticles on the edges of the electrodes. The measured impedance deviation in comparison with that of the reference empty comb-like electrodes will quantify the amount of the absorbed bioparticles.