Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for reducing, preventing, and/or inhibiting germination of C. difficile spores, including methods for inhibiting C. difficile germination to prevent or treating C. difficile-associated diseases and disorders such as, for example, severe diarrhea and colitis in a subject. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments of the present invention concern an herbicidal combination, such as a premix concentrate or a tank mix, comprising 1% to 10% of a triketone herbicide, such as a benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione, and 30% to 50% of a diphenylether herbicide, such as a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid. Certain embodiments comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, mesotrione and oxyfluorfen. Particular compositions comprise an aqueous composition comprising oxyfluorfen, mesotrione, a surfactant, a freeze/thaw agent, a defoaming agent, a rheology agent, and an antimicrobial agent. A method for using disclosed combinations comprises applying a combination to a locus where undesired vegetation is present or may be present.

Abstract: Certain disclosed embodiments concern a combination, particularly a composition, comprising a benzamide compound having a formula and a pyridine carboxylic acid compound having a formula Particular compositions comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, Pronamide and Imazethapyr. Disclosed compositions may further comprise, for example, a pH adjustor, a surfactant, a safener, a dispersing agent, water, an organic co-solvent, an anti-freezing agent, a defoamer, a preservative, a filler, a rheology aid, an odorant, at least one additional co-herbicide, and any and all combinations thereof. The present invention also concerns a method comprising applying a suitable combination or composition to a locus comprising plants, such as alfalfa, and a method for making disclosed compositions.

Abstract: Methods for controlling weeds in a crop by applying to weeds having an average height ranging from about 4 inches to about 8 inches a herbicidally effective amount of a composition that includes (a) fluthiacet-methyl and (b) a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor are presented.

Abstract: Methods for controlling weeds in a crop by applying to weeds having an average height ranging from about 4 inches to about 8 inches a herbicidally effective amount of a composition that includes (a) fluthiacet-methyl and (b) a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor are presented.

Abstract: The performance of devices for the detection of fluorophore labelled substances in an electrophoretic separation medium is improved by rescanning lines or pixels which caused saturation of an electromagnetic radiation detecting means (19) at a lower gain, the lower gain being adapted to prevent saturation of the electromagnetic radiation detecting means (19).

Abstract: The performance of devices for the detection of fluorophore labelled substances in an electrophoretic separation medium is improved by rescanning lines or pixels which caused saturation of an electromagnetic radiation detecting means (19) at a lower gain, the lower gain being adapted to prevent saturation of the electromagnetic radiation detecting means (19).

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for determining the masses of particles by measuring the time between a first event such as a sample (5) being ionized, (or a beam of electromagnetic radiation being scattered by a particle (15) and electromagnetic radiation scattered by said particle being detected by a detection means,) and a second event in which a beam (21) of electromagnetic radiation is scattered by a particle (15) from said ionized sample and electromagnetic radiation (25) from said beam (21) scattered by said particle (15) is detected by a detection means (11).

Abstract: Laser pulses from laser head 12 pass through objective lens 16 to a focal spot in sample spot 17. If a pulse hits a fluorophore molecule in the focal spot a fluorescence photon is emitted which is collected by lens 16, reflected by dichroic mirror 15 through filter 20, which blocks photons of other wavelengths, to single photon counting photomultiplier unit 21. On detecting a photon, photomultiplier unit 21 generates an output pulse which is coupled, with a short delay, by pulse controller 30 to driver circuit 24 which causes laser head 12 to generate another laser pulse. Thus the interval between the laser pulses is substantially equal to the time between excitation of, and fluorescence emission by, the fluorophore molecule. Computer 23 coupled to photomultiplier unit 21 and driver circuit 24 determines the decay time by measurement of a number of fluorescence events.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and methods for determining the masses of particles by measuring the time between a first event such as a sample (5) being ionised, (or a beam of electromagnetic radiation being scattered by a particle (15) and electromagnetic radiation scattered by said particle being detected by a detection means,) and a second event in which a beam (21) of electromagnetic radiation is scattered by a particle (15) from said ionised sample and electromagnetic radiation (25) from said beam (21) scattered by said particle (15) is detected by a detection means (11).

Abstract: Laser pulses from laser head 12 pass through objective lens 16 to a focal spot in sample spot 17. If a pulse hits a fluorophore molecule in the focal spot a fluorescence photon is emitted which is collected by lens 16, reflected by dichroic mirror 15 through filter 20, which blocks photons of other wavelengths, to single photon counting photomultiplier unit 21. On detecting a photon, photomultiplier unit 21 generates an output pulse which is coupled, with a short delay, by pulse controller 30 to driver circuit 24 which causes laser head 12 to generate another laser pulse. Thus the interval between the laser pulses is substantially equal to the time between excitation of, and fluorescence emission by, the fluorophore molecule. Computer 23 coupled to photomultiplier unit 21 and driver circuit 24 determines the decay time by measurement of a number of fluorescence events.