Abstract: A start-up power supply is provided that includes a battery, a supercapacitor module, and a switch module coupling an output of the supercapacitor module to an output connected to terminals of a vehicle battery. A charging circuit is coupled between the battery and the supercapacitor module and also to the output. A control module is coupled to the charging circuit, the switching module, the battery, and the supercapacitor module. The control module configured to first charge the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the supercapacitor module is higher than a pre-charge voltage of the supercapacitor module. Then to connect the battery and the supercapacitor module in parallel enabling the voltage of the supercapacitor module to charge to a voltage of the battery. Finally, to charge the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches a voltage of a full threshold of the supercapacitor module.

Abstract: This application discloses a link fault handling method, a related apparatus, a storage medium, and a program product, and belongs to the field of communication technologies. In this method, a forwarding plane component of a network device updates a reference state table in time by actively polling a port status register, so that when forwarding a data flow, the forwarding plane component can sense a local faulty link in time based on the reference state table, and perform link switching in time, and a PHY chip does not need to report fault information to a control plane CPU in the network device, or wait for the control plane CPU to deliver an instruction. That is, this solution does not depend on control plane path computation, and does not require additional communication from a data plane to a control plane, to avoid a delay caused by fault handling of the CPU.

Abstract: A network congestion control method includes, during transmission of a first service flow, a first network device that obtains a measurement packet including groups of measurement results corresponding to the first service flow, and each group includes an identifier of a forwarding device on a forwarding path of the first service flow and a measurement value corresponding to the forwarding device. The first network device determines, based on the groups, a congested second network device on the forwarding path. The first network device determines a control policy based on location information of the second network device, where the control policy resolves congestion of the first service flow.

Abstract: A first network device receives a first data packet through an ingress port, and when a first forwarding path corresponding to the first data packet is faulty and there is no redundant path of the first forwarding path on the first network device, sends, through the ingress port of the first data packet, a first notification packet notifying that the first forwarding path is faulty. The first notification packet is generated by a data plane of the first network device, and the first notification packet is a data plane packet. Therefore, a network device that receives the first notification packet processes the first notification packet through a data plane. Then the network device can process a received data packet based on obtained fault information.

Abstract: This application provides a congestion control method and a network device. The method includes: receiving a first message sent by a second network device, where the first message carries an active flow quantity, and the active flow quantity is a quantity determined by the second network device based on a data flow to which data packets received from a first network device belong; determining, based on the active flow quantity and rated receiving bandwidth of the second network device, packet sending control information used to send the data flow to the second network device; and sending the data flow to the second network device based on the packet sending control information. This application can better control congestion, thereby reducing network packet loss.

Abstract: A data forwarding method includes, after congestion of an egress queue is relieved, a network device that receives a packet from an upstream node, and determines whether a storage device associated with the egress queue buffers a previous packet that belongs to a same data flow as the packet. When the storage device does not buffer the previous packet, the network device schedules the packet to the egress queue, to forward the packet to a downstream node, where the storage device is configured to receive, during congestion of the egress queue, a packet sent by the network device.

Abstract: A data forwarding method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a head node obtains to-be-forwarded data; obtains a first segment identifier (SID) list corresponding to the to-be-forwarded data, where the first SID list is generated based on SIDs of a part of nodes in a target forwarding path; encapsulates, in front of the to-be-forwarded data, a packet header including the first SID list, to obtain a to-be-forwarded packet; and sends the to-be-forwarded packet based on the first SID list, where the target forwarding path includes M nodes, the first SID list is generated based on first N nodes in the M nodes, the first SID list is replaced with a second SID list at an intermediate node, and the second SID list is generated based on an Xth node to a Yth node in the M nodes.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a packet processing method, apparatus, and device, and a packet forwarding method, apparatus, and device, to improve packet forwarding efficiency, save storage space of a network device, and expand a network scale. The packet processing method in the embodiments of this application includes: obtaining a packet including a destination address; obtaining outbound interface information of a network device on a forwarding path based on the destination address of the packet, where the forwarding path is a path for forwarding the packet from a source device to a destination device corresponding to the destination address; and encapsulating a packet header for the packet, where the packet header includes the outbound interface information of the network device that forwards the packet on the forwarding path.

Abstract: This application provides a congestion control method and a network device. The method includes: receiving a first message sent by a second network device, where the first message carries an active flow quantity, and the active flow quantity is a quantity determined by the second network device based on a data flow to which data packets received from a first network device belong; determining, based on the active flow quantity and rated receiving bandwidth of the second network device, packet sending control information used to send the data flow to the second network device; and sending the data flow to the second network device based on the packet sending control information. This application can better control congestion, thereby reducing network packet loss.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide a service state transition method and an apparatus, to implement a process of an automatic state transition between different service statuses. The method includes: obtaining a target service status and a current service status of a network service; determining a first transition condition for transiting the network service from the current service status to the target service status, where the first transition condition includes status information of a first dependent object on which execution of the network service depends; and transiting, based on the first transition condition, the first dependent object from a current first service status to a second service status indicated in the status information of the first dependent object, to enable the network service to be automatically transited from the current service status to the target service status.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide a service state transition method and an apparatus, to implement a process of an automatic state transition between different service statuses. The method includes: obtaining a target service status and a current service status of a network service; determining a first transition condition for transiting the network service from the current service status to the target service status, where the first transition condition includes status information of a first dependent object on which execution of the network service depends; and transiting, based on the first transition condition, the first dependent object from a current first service status to a second service status indicated in the status information of the first dependent object, to enable the network service to be automatically transited from the current service status to the target service status.

Abstract: A stator for a polyphase dynamoelectric machine includes a stator core and windings positioned about the stator core. The windings include at least a first phase winding and a second phase winding. The first phase winding is formed of at least one electrical conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding.

Abstract: A stator for a polyphase dynamoelectric machine includes a stator core and windings positioned about the stator core. The windings include at least a first phase winding and a second phase winding. The first phase winding is formed of at least one electrical conductor material that is not present in the second phase winding.