Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a L1/L2 triggered mobility execution in a wireless communication system are provided. The method of UE comprises: receiving information related to (i) an LTM configuration and (ii) an applicability of the LTM configuration to recover from a failure of an LTM execution; determining whether the applicability of the LTM configuration to recover from the failure of the LTM execution is enabled; determining whether the LTM execution fails; performing a cell selection operation based on a determination that the LTM execution fails; determining whether a cell that is selected in the cell selection operation is an LTM candidate cell; performing the LTM execution based on a determination that the cell is an LTM candidate cell and the applicability of the LTM configuration to recover from the failure of the LTM execution is enabled; applying the LTM configuration and transmitting a random access preamble.

Abstract: An AI/ML monitoring operation is based on a received monitoring configuration forming part of a configuration for using an AI/ML model for a communications system operation. Based on the monitoring configuration, AI/ML model assistance information is reported, including AI/ML model monitoring results from the AI/ML monitoring operation. AI/ML model management and adaptation information based on those AI/ML model monitoring results is received, an AI/ML model management and adaptation operation is performed. The AI/ML model management and adaptation information may include parameters that characterize an action of AI/ML model management and adaptation or an indication of an action of AI/ML model management and adaptation. The action of AI/ML model management and adaptation may comprise one of model switch, model refinement or update, or model transfer.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, by a transmit-receive point (TRP), a set of power metrics for multiple UEs including a served UE and one or more helped UEs, wherein each power metric is estimated from multiple channel quality and performance indicators of one of the multiple UEs. The method also includes calculating a performance metric as a function of at least one of the multiple channel quality and performance indicators of the served UE. The method also includes calculating an interference metric as a function of the set of power metrics. The method also includes determining whether to perform coordinated beamforming based on the performance metric and the interference metric. The method also includes determining one or more precoders based on the determination of whether to perform the coordinated beamforming.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses in a wireless communication system. A base station (BS) includes a transceiver and a processor. The processor is configured to transmit a common beam to at least one user equipment (UE). The processor is also configured to configure the common beam to have a null area in a direction of a satellite earth station, the null area defining a space within a coverage area of the common beam in which a signal from the common beam is suppressed.

Abstract: An apparatus in a wireless communication system is configured to perform a method for directional beam nulling of SRS-based data beams. A base station (BS) includes a transceiver and a processor. The processor is configured to transmit a data beam to at least one user equipment (UE). The processor is also configured to configure the data beam to have a null area in a direction of a satellite earth station (ES), the null area defining a space within a coverage area of the data beam in which a signal from the data beam is suppressed. The data beam is configured by: generating one or more steering vectors to the ES; obtaining a UE channel matrix via a sounding reference signal (SRS) and determining a rank value; and generating a beamforming precoder configured to directional null the data beam in the direction of the ES.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for sidelink (SL) resource selection and reselection for a SL transmission in a wireless communication system. A method of operating a user equipment (UE) includes determining whether a sidelink (SL) unlicensed band is configured for a SL transmission and performing a channel sensing operation to determine whether a channel is available for channel access on the SL unlicensed band. The method further includes identifying a gap, based on a time duration for the channel sensing operation, for the SL transmission and selecting, based on the identified gap, a SL resource for the SL transmission. The SL resource is located outside of the identified gap from a previously reserved SL resource.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a timing advance report an NTN is provided. The method of UE comprises: receiving, from a BS, first information including satellite assistance information for a target satellite; receiving, from the BS, second information including timing information, wherein the timing information includes at least one of a start time and a time duration for a synchronization operation; determining whether a RACH-less synchronization operation is configured; and initiating, based on the satellite assistance information and the timing information, the synchronization operation by performing a RA procedure upon a determination that the RACH-less synchronization operation is not configured.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for an enhanced radio link failure (RLF) detection in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) are provided. A method of operating a user equipment (UE) includes identifying a value of a timer and a time value and determining that the timer has started upon detection of a radio link problem. The radio link problem is based on a first counter. The method further includes determining that a current time is passed the time value and detecting a radio link failure based on a determination that the timer has started and the current time is passed the time value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for inter-user equipment (UE) coordination in sidelink (SL) carrier aggregation (CA) in a wireless communication system. A method of operating a UE includes: receiving, from a base station (BS), configuration information about multiple SL carriers for a SL CA operation; determining whether a SL radio link failure (RLF) is detected for a SL carrier among the multiple SL carriers; and starting a timer for the SL carrier based on a determination that the SL RLF is detected, wherein an activation or a deactivation of the SL carrier is determined based on a status of the timer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for uplink timing and frequency synchronization in a wireless communication system. A method for operating a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station (BS), information indicating satellite ephemeris information of a communication satellite associated with the BS, a common timing advance (TA), and a compensated frequency offset (FO). The method further includes transmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) based on the common TA and the compensated FO and receiving a random access response (RAR) indicating a UE-specific TA and FO. The method further includes, for transmission of an uplink (UL) channel, adjusting a TA and pre-compensating a FO based on the UE-specific TA and FO, respectively.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for a UE initiated cell switch. A method for operating a user equipment (UE) includes receiving configuration information for reference signals associated with measurement of one or more candidate cells, receiving configuration information for transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state lists associated with the one or more candidate cells, performing measurement on the reference signals, determining, based on the measurement, a measurement report, and transmitting the measurement report.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for measurements for UE mobility between an NTN and a TN. A method of operating a UE comprises: identifying terrestrial network (TN) neighboring cell information received from a non-terrestrial network (NTN), wherein the TN neighboring cell information includes at least TN neighboring cell geographical area; identifying a location of the UE; determining, based on the location of the UE and the TN neighboring cell information, whether to measure TN neighboring cells; identifying, based on a determination that TN neighboring cells are measured, one or more TN neighboring cells among the TN neighboring cells; and measuring the one or more TN neighboring cells for a cell reselection operation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for an UE operation upon RLF detection in a SL CA in a wireless communication system. A method of operating a UE includes receiving, from a base station (BS), configuration information about multiple sidelink (SL) carriers for a SL carrier aggregation (CA) operation; when a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback corresponding to s SL carrier among the multiple SL carriers is not received for consecutive N times and the SL carrier is not a last configured SL carrier, releasing the SL carrier for a corresponding destination layer 2 identifier (L2 ID); and when the HARQ feedback corresponding to the SL carrier among the multiple SL carriers is not received for a consecutive M times and the SL carrier is the last configured SL carrier, releasing a PC5-radio resource control (PC5-RRC) connection for the corresponding destination L2 ID.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a timing advance management for multi-TRP and beam management in a wireless communication system. A method of a UE comprises: receiving, from a first BS, a second TAG ID associated with a second BS and a PDCCH order; initiating a CFRA procedure in response to receiving the PDCCH order; transmitting, to a second BS, a RA preamble; receiving, for the second BS, a TAC included in a RAR or in a MAC CE; and applying the TAC and start a second time alignment timer corresponding to the second TAG ID associated with the second BS.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for mobility in non-terrestrial network with earth moving cells in a wireless communication system. A method of a UE comprises: receiving, for a serving cell or neighbor cells, first cell-moving information including first coordinates of a first reference location at a first epoch time and a velocity of the first reference location; determining whether at least one of the serving cell or the neighbor cells is an earth-moving cell; updating, using the first cell-moving information and ephemeris information, the first coordinates of the first reference location for at least one of the serving cell or the neighbor cells based on a determination that the at least one of the serving cell or the neighbor cells is the earth-moving cell; identifying a distance between the UE and the first coordinates of the first reference location; and determine, based on the distance, whether to measure signals received from the neighbor cells for a cell reselection operation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for uplink timing and frequency synchronization in a wireless communication system. A method for operating a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a base station (BS), information indicating satellite ephemeris information of a communication satellite associated with the BS, a common timing advance (TA), and a compensated frequency offset (FO). The method further includes transmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) based on the common TA and the compensated FO and receiving a random access response (RAR) indicating a UE-specific TA and FO. The method further includes, for transmission of an uplink (UL) channel, adjusting a TA and pre-compensating a FO based on the UE-specific TA and FO, respectively.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for contention window adjustment on a sidelink (SL) in a wireless communication system. A method of a user equipment (UE) includes determining whether hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is available after a last update of a contention window size (CW); determining a set of HARQ feedback corresponding to physical sidelink shared channels (PSSCHs) in a reference duration when the at least one HARQ feedback is determined as available; and determining a first condition based on the set of HARQ feedback. The method further includes determining to: reset the CW to a minimum allowed value when the first condition is satisfied or increase the CW to a next higher allowed value when the first condition is not. The method further includes performing a SL channel access procedure based on the CW and performing a SL transmission over a channel after successfully performing the SL channel access procedure.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for facilitating avoidance of NSTR constraint violation caused by TDLS channel switching and link enablement in multi-link operation (MLO) in a wireless local area network. The methods include determining to switch a frequency channel used by a first tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) direct link from a first frequency channel to a second frequency channel, wherein the TDLS direct link is formed between a station (STA) of a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) and a corresponding peer STA, generating a TDLS channel switch notification message that includes an indication that the first TDLS direct link is switching from the first to the second frequency channel, and transmitting, to an AP MLD with which the non-AP MLD is associated, on an MLO link, the TDLS channel switch notification message, wherein MLO links are formed between STAs of the non-AP MLD and APs of the AP MLD.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for precoding matrix indicator (PMI)-based data beam nulling with a channel state information (CSI) report. An apparatus includes a transceiver configured to communicate via a wired or wireless communication medium and a processor coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to identify restricted PMI beams in a nulling direction for supported ranks; receive, via the transceiver from a user equipment (UE), a CSI report including a rank, a PMI, and channel quality indicator (CQI) feedback; and determine whether the reported PMI is restricted. The processor is further configured to select an alternative PMI among a number of unrestricted PMIs for the reported rank; boost a reported CQI if a reduced transmit power is configured; and select a modulation coding scheme (MCS) and generate a precoder for a data beam based on at least one of: the CSI report, the alternative PMI, and the boosted CQI.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for a joint operation of a conditional handover (CHO) and a conditional primary secondary cell group (SCG) cell (PSCell) addition/change (CPA/CPC) in a wireless communication system. A method of a UE comprises triggering a joint operation of a CHO and a CPC and determining whether the CHO fails while performing the joint operation of the CHO and the CPC. The method further includes halting a CPC execution condition evaluation or a CPC execution based on a determination that the CHO fails and performing a failure recovery procedure for the joint operation of the CHO and the CPC.