Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrolyte having excellent long-term reliability, a high withstanding voltage (a wide potential window), and high conductivity. The electrolyte contains a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group, a hydrogen atom, or a halogen atom; R3 to R14 each represent an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, C and C* each represent a carbon atom, N represents a nitrogen atom; h, i, j, x, y, and z are each an integer of 0 to 6, (h+x) is an integer of 0 to 6, (i+y) and (j+z) are each an integer of 1 to 6; and X? represents a counter anion having a HOMO energy of ?0.60 to ?0.20 a.u. as determined by the first-principle calculation on molecular orbital of the counter anion.

Abstract: The solid electrolyte of the present invention is composed of an organic/inorganic composite material having pores with a mean pore diameter of 1 to 30 nm and having a skeleton comprising a metal atom, an oxygen atom bonded to the metal atom, and an organic group having at least one carbon atom bonded to the metal atom or the oxygen atom, and a functional group having an ion exchange function and bonded to the organic group inside the pores. As a result, even if the relative pressure of the water vapor in the atmosphere is less than 1.0, it is still possible to achieve a solid electrolyte with a sufficiently high ion conductivity at a lower temperature than with a conventional solid electrolyte such as stabilized zirconia.

Abstract: The invention provides a micelle-containing organic polymer which comprises at least one peak in its X-ray diffraction pattern, at least one pair of the diffraction angle (2?) and the lattice spacing (d) of said peak satisfying the relation (1) given below: 2?=2 sin?1(?/2d) ??(1) (in the formula, ? represents the wavelength (nm) of the characteristic X-ray K?1) and d being at least one value within the range of not less than 0.8 nm to not more than 150 nm. The invention also provides an organic polymer porous material or a porous carbon material which comprises the total volume of pores having diameters within the range of ±40% of the pore diameter Dmax showing a maximum peak in a pore diameter distribution curve is not smaller than 50% by volume based on the total pores volume.

Abstract: The solid electrolyte of the present invention is composed of an organic/inorganic composite material having pores with a mean pore diameter of 1 to 30 nm and having a skeleton comprising a metal atom, an oxygen atom bonded to the metal atom, and an organic group having at least one carbon atom bonded to the metal atom or the oxygen atom, and a functional group having an ion exchange function and bonded to the organic group inside the pores. As a result, even if the relative pressure of the water vapor in the atmosphere is less than 1.0, it is still possible to achieve a solid electrolyte with a sufficiently high ion conductivity at a lower temperature than with a conventional solid electrolyte such as stabilized zirconia.

Abstract: Organic/inorganic complex porous materials are disclosed having a main skeletal chain containing metal atoms, oxygen atoms, and organic groups. Preferably, the metal atoms, oxygen atoms and organic groups are bound by ionic bonds and/or covalent bonds, and the organic group is bound to at least two metal atoms in the main chain of the skeleton of the porous material. More preferably, 60% or more of the total pore volume in the porous material has a pore diameter in a range of ±40% of the pore diameter, as determined from the maximum peak in a pore size distribution curve. Alternatively, at least one peak is present at a diffraction angle that preferably corresponds to a d value of at least 1 nm in an x-ray diffraction pattern. Method of making such organic/inorganic complex materials are also disclosed.