Abstract: A group of viral vectors including: first viral vector, wherein first viral vector carries first nucleic acid molecule, and the first nucleic acid molecule encodes envelope protein; second viral vector, wherein second viral vector carries second nucleic acid molecule, the second nucleic acid molecule encodes fusion protein, the fusion protein includes single-chain antibody and C-terminal domain of envelope protein, the C-terminal domain of envelope protein includes transmembrane region and intracellular region of envelope protein, the C-terminus of single-chain antibody connects with N-terminus of C-terminal domain of envelope protein, the single-chain antibody targets a specific antigen; first nucleic acid molecule and second nucleic acid molecule are arranged to express envelope protein and fusion protein, and the envelope protein and the fusion protein are in non-fusion form.

Abstract: Various embodiments related to controlling EGR in an engine are disclosed. In one embodiment, a first EGR amount is supplied to a cylinder at a first temperature and a first engine speed and load. Further, at the first engine speed and load, as engine temperature increases from the first temperature to a second temperature, a first fuel amount is injected after exhaust valve closing and before intake valve opening while a second EGR amount is supplied to the cylinder that is greater than the first EGR amount.

Abstract: Various embodiments related to controlling EGR in an engine are disclosed. In one embodiment, a first EGR amount is supplied to a cylinder at a first temperature and a first engine speed and load. Further, at the first engine speed and load, as engine temperature increases from the first temperature to a second temperature, a first fuel amount is injected after exhaust valve closing and before intake valve opening while a second EGR amount is supplied to the cylinder that is greater than the first EGR amount.

Abstract: A turbocharged-intercooled engine utilizing the turbo-cool principle and method for operating the same. The engine has an air turbine for turbo-expansion cooling. The air turbine is coupled to a compressor so intake air pressure loss as a result of turbo-expansion is partially compensated by pressure gain due to the compression process. This use of an air turbine and its coupling to a compressor define the essence of the turbo-cool principle.

Abstract: A supercharged and intercooled engine utilizing the turbo-cool principle and a method for operating the same is provided. The classical Carnot-Otto-Diesel paradigm for internal combustion engines is modified so internal combustion engines achieve highest performance in an optimal peak temperature range, which is lower than the typical peak operation temperatures of current gasoline engines and diesel engines. Turbo-cooling turbocharging systems provide for internal combustion engines operating within this peak temperature range by simultaneously controlling engine load-and-speed and intake-air temperature through the combined application of a primary load-and-speed control and a second operation control unit, primarily for intake air conditioning. This can be applied to gasoline engines, diesel engines, direct-injection gasoline engines, and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines.