Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion module, comprising plural first electrode films (11, 12, 13) formed apart from each other on the top surface of an insulating body (10), plural p- and n-type thermoelectric semiconductor element films (16, 19) and (17, 18) formed thereon, which are arranged apart from each other so that p- and n-type thermoelectric semiconductor element films alternate with each other, and second electrode films (20) connecting p-type thermoelectric semiconductor element film (19) and n-type thermoelectric semiconductor element film (18) over the gaps between the first electrode films; and a terminal electrode is connected to each of the p-and n-type thermoelectric semiconductor element film (16, 17) at the end; and a production method thereof.

Abstract: A film-thickness measurement apparatus of the present invention includes a lifter, a support mount, a light-emitting device, and a light-receiving device. With the center of a wafer staying in alignment with that of the support mount, the lifter places the wafer onto the surface of the support mount to determine the center of the wafer. While the wafer is being rotated about the center of the wafer, the light-emitting device irradiates the circumferential portion of the wafer with a laser beam, thereby allowing the position of a notch to be detected depending on whether or not the laser beam passes through the notch. This makes it possible to detect the positions of the notch and the center of the wafer to determine the center axis line of the surface of the wafer, thereby allowing the coordinates of a given position on the surface of the wafer to be defined in accordance with the center axis line and the center of the wafer.

Abstract: The thickness of a conductive film formed on a substrate can be measured efficiently at low cost with a film thickness measuring apparatus of the invention, which includes an eddy current coil sensor, disposable at a predetermined position near a conductive film, for generating a predetermined eddy current in the conductive film and for detecting a magnetic field caused by the eddy current. The apparatus also includes a displacement sensor for measuring a displacement between the eddy current coil sensor and the conductive film. The thickness of the conductive film is measured in accordance with a variation in inductance of the eddy current coil sensor and the amount of displacement measured by the displacement sensor.

Abstract: A film-thickness measurement apparatus of the present invention includes a lifter, a support mount, a light-emitting device, and a light-receiving device. With the center of a wafer staying in alignment with that of the support mount, the lifter places the wafer onto the surface of the support mount to determine the center of the wafer. While the wafer is being rotated about the center of the wafer, the light-emitting device irradiates the circumferential portion of the wafer with a laser beam, thereby allowing the position of a notch to be detected depending on whether or not the laser beam passes through the notch. This makes it possible to detect the positions of the notch and the center of the wafer to determine the center axis line of the surface of the wafer, thereby allowing the coordinates of a given position on the surface of the wafer to be defined in accordance with the center axis line and the center of the wafer.

Abstract: The thickness of a conductive film formed on a substrate can be measured efficiently at low cost witha film thickness measuring apparatus of the invention, which includes an eddy current coil sensor, disposable at a predetermined position near a conductive film, for generating a predetermined eddy current in the conductive film and for detecting a magnetic field caused by the eddy current. The apparatus also includes a displacement sensor for measuring a displacement between the eddy current coil sensor and the conductive film. The thickness of the conductive film is measured in accordance with a variation in inductance of the eddy current coil sensor and the amount of displacement measured by the displacement sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phosphonic diester derivative of the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein A represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are the same or different and they each represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a nitro group, a lower alkyl group, a halogen-substituted lower alkyl group or a halogen atom; R.sup.3 represents a phenyl group, --B--R.sup.6 (wherein B represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a phenyl(lower)alkyl group optionally having a halogen atom as a substituent on the phenyl ring, a phenoxy(lower)alkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl(lower)alkyl group, a carboxy(lower)alkyl group or a lower alkenyl group) or --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 (wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A cyclopropachromen derivative represented by formula (I): ##STR1## The compounds are capable of promoting the extension of nerve dendrites and are useful as improving and treating agents for cerebral organic disorders and psychic function disorders.

Abstract: Novel polypeptide derivatives, acid-addition salts thereof and complexes thereof, having the activities for inhibiting bone calcium absorption, for lowering the blood level of calcium, as analgesics, for inhibiting secretion of the gastric juice.Pharmaceutical composition can be prepared by formulating, at least one of the novel polypeptide derivatives, acid-addition salts thereof and complexes thereof, together with a proteolytic enzyme inhibitors and/or pharmaceutically acceptable acids.The pharmaceutical composition are quite effective as agents for curing hypercalcemia, for curing Peget's disease, for curing osteoporosis, analgetic agent, anti-ulcerative agent and the like.

Abstract: A therapeutic agent for alleviating disorders caused by nerve cell degeneration in the brain which contains a cyclopropachromen derivative represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 5;the carbon atom in the --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- moiety may be optionally substituted with a methyl group or a hydroxyl group;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms; or alternatively R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a morpholino group, a thiomorpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a homopiperidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a homopiperazinyl group, an N-alkylpiperazinyl group, N-alkylhomopiperazinyl group, an N-hydroxyalkylpiperazinyl group or a pyrrolidonyl group or alternatively R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: Disclosed is a proline derivative of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These derivatives have useful utilities such as activity of inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme.

Abstract: Disclosed is a proline derivative of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These derivatives have useful utilities such as activity of inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme.

Abstract: In a camera whose camera body is extended along the optical axis, the camera body has a camera body gripping recess at a position where the index, middle, ring and little fingers ae placed when the operator holds the camera with the hand from below so that the operator can hold the camera stable with the hand for a long period of time.

Abstract: This invention provides a proline derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.14 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or a group ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.14 alkyl or phenyl and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl);R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl;R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl;R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl; andn is 0, 1 or 2,and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A bicycle rear derailleur including a tensioner frame which rotatably support a guide pulley and a tension pulley, a shifter for shifting the tensioner frame in directions substantially parallel to an axis of a rear wheel hub, the tensioner frame including a tension pulley support arm which is resiliently urged to pivotally move rearwardly of the bicycle, and a compensating mechanism for compensating a sagging in an endless drive chain, which is arranged to stretch out the drive chain rearwardly of the bicycle so that a distance between a geometrical vertical line passing through a center of the tension pulley and a vertical tangential line at a rearmost point of a rearwardly stretched portion of the drive chain is larger than a radius of the guide pulley when the tension pulley support arm takes its rearmost position.

Abstract: A support apparatus for sound members in a musical instrument of the type where a musical sound of predetermined frequency is generated by each sound member in response to the impact of a corresponding striking member. The striking members are activated by corresponding keys such as in toy piano. The sound members are attached to a pair of elongated elastic seat members by an adhesive agent. The seat members support the sound members and are in turn supported by a pair of supporting members.

Abstract: In an operating mechanism of a tape recorder, there is provided means for preventing the play-back operation from being released by the cue or the review being effected and for permitting the play-back operation to be resumed immediately after the cue or the review is interrupted. There is also provided means for ensuring that the recording lever and the review lever or the cue lever, if pushed in at the same time, are automatically returned to their non-pushed-in position upon release of the push-in force.

Abstract: Glycerol dichlorohydrin is prepared by dissolving allyl chloride vapor in an upwardly flowing aqueous stream, dissolving chlorine gas in a separate second upwardly flowing aqueous stream to form a hypochlorous acid solution, mixing the two streams and flowing them downwardly in a reaction column where they react to form glycerol dichlorohydrin.