Abstract: A controller for software defined networking includes a processor. The processor is configured to receive a first request including a first packet from a first communication partner. The processor is configured to generate an inspection message on basis of the first packet. The processor is configured to send the inspection message to the first communication partner. The processor is configured to monitor whether a first phenomenon occurs with respect to the first communication partner after the inspection message is sent. The first phenomenon is expected to occur when an authorized switch performs a process on basis of the inspection message. The processor is configured to determine, when the first phenomenon does not occur, that the first communication partner is not the authorized switch but an attacker.

Abstract: A cathode for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is provided with a current collector and an active material layer formed on a surface of the current collector. The active material layer has holes in its surface and has an active material density of 68 to 83% relative to a true density of an active material included in the active material layer. The thickness of the active material layer is 150 to 1000 ?m. Hence, the amount of the active material included in the cathode is increased. When the cathode is used in the battery, transfer of an electron and insertion/release of lithium ion take place deep in the thickness direction from the surface and in the surface of the active material layer. Hence, the active material deep in the thickness direction from the surface of the active material layer is effectively utilized.

Abstract: A cathode for lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention includes a cathode including a current collector and active material supported on the current collector. The current collector is made of porous metal. The cathode has holes in its surface, and active material density is 50 to 80% of true density of the active material. Because the cathode is thick and supported with the active material densely and the holes are formed in its surface, transfer of an electron and insertion/release of lithium ion take place in the cathode surface and deep in the cathode in the lithium ion secondary battery. Therefore, the lithium ion released from the active material can migrate in the electrolyte solution in the holes, so that the active material present deep in the cathode is effectively utilized, and thus, the lithium ion secondary battery has high capacity and can promptly charge/discharge.

Abstract: The present disclosure may include a method that includes determining latency between a client system and a service provider system. The client system may include a network element and a client computing device and the service provider system may include a controller program configured to provide controller services to the network element of the client system. The method may also include, based on the latency being longer than a threshold, transmitting the controller program to the client computing device to be executed by the client computing device so that the client computing device provides controller services to the network element of the client system.

Abstract: A transfer device in a network including a plurality of control devices includes a network connection device, memory, and a processor. The network connection device communicates a target packet as a target of a transferring process. The memory stores a transfer rule received by the network connection device from a determination device as a control device for determining a transfer rule indicating a method of a process performed by the transfer device. The processor judges whether or not disable information indicating that the transfer rule is not to be acquired from the determination device when a transfer rule applicable to the target packet is not stored in the memory is included in the target packet. When the disable information is included, the processor outputs the target packet to the network connection device without requesting the transfer rule. The network connection device transmits the target packet to another transfer device.

Abstract: An OpenFlow switch used in an OpenFlow network including a plurality of OpenFlow switches and an OpenFlow controller configured to control the plurality of OpenFlow switches includes: a failure detector configured to detect a failure of a link connected to the OpenFlow controller; and a channel management unit configured to establish an OpenFlow channel to transmit control information to the OpenFlow controller through another OpenFlow switch among the plurality of OpenFlow switches when a failure is detected by the failure detector.

Abstract: The processor obtains a process time, which is a time taken for processing a control message when the control device requests that a target processing device, selected from among the plurality of processing devices, process a control message. When the process time has become longer than a first threshold, the processor determines which of a first and a second congestion has occurred based on whether the process time has become longer than a second threshold, which is greater than the first threshold. The first congestion occurs in the transfer devices used for a communication between the control device and the target processing device. The second congestion occurs in the target processing device. The network connection device transmits a request message requesting that a transfer route for which it has been determined that the control message is not processed in a device in which the congestion has occurred be set.

Abstract: There is provided a control apparatus that includes a reception unit configured to receive information including information of a transmission source, an amount of target data to be transmitted, and a destination, an identification unit configured to identify a transfer apparatus included in a route from the transmission source to the destination, a calculation unit configured to calculate a power consumption based on a transfer rate at which the transfer apparatus performs a transfer, power consumed by the transfer apparatus, and the amount of target data, a determination unit configured to determine a transfer rate corresponding to the power consumption calculated by the calculation unit, and a transmission unit configured to transmit a transfer request for requesting a transfer of the target data at the determined transfer rate to the transfer apparatus.

Abstract: A network evaluation apparatus that evaluates a design of an optical network, the network evaluation apparatus including: a processor that selects two nodes, between which a lightpath is to be set up, from a plurality of nodes based on a traffic volume demand values, calculates a decreased amount of cost based on numbers of the plurality of nodes and a plurality of routers for relaying a signal transmitted between the two nodes selected, calculates an increased amount of cost based on a transmission distance of the lightpath and a number of a plurality of repeaters to be inserted according to a segment distance, and determines a value of the optical network based on the decreased amount of cost and the increased amount of cost.

Abstract: A controller for software defined networking includes a processor. The processor is configured to receive a first request including a first packet from a first communication partner. The processor is configured to generate an inspection message on basis of the first packet. The processor is configured to send the inspection message to the first communication partner. The processor is configured to monitor whether a first phenomenon occurs with respect to the first communication partner after the inspection message is sent. The first phenomenon is expected to occur when an authorized switch performs a process on basis of the inspection message. The processor is configured to determine, when the first phenomenon does not occur, that the first communication partner is not the authorized switch but an attacker.

Abstract: The processor obtains a process time, which is a time taken for processing a control message when the control device requests that a target processing device, selected from among the plurality of processing devices, process a control message. When the process time has become longer than a first threshold, the processor determines which of a first and a second congestion has occurred based on whether the process time has become longer than a second threshold, which is greater than the first threshold. The first congestion occurs in the transfer devices used for a communication between the control device and the target processing device. The second congestion occurs in the target processing device. The network connection device transmits a request message requesting that a transfer route for which it has been determined that the control message is not processed in a device in which the congestion has occurred be set.

Abstract: An OpenFlow switch used in an OpenFlow network including a plurality of OpenFlow switches and an OpenFlow controller configured to control the plurality of OpenFlow switches includes: a failure detector configured to detect a failure of a link connected to the OpenFlow controller; and a channel management unit configured to establish an OpenFlow channel to transmit control information to the OpenFlow controller through another OpenFlow switch among the plurality of OpenFlow switches when a failure is detected by the failure detector.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes a generation unit to generate a plurality of entries to be supplied with the switch, the plurality of entries being stored in a storage, a transmission unit to transmit to the switch an integration entry that the plurality of entries is integrated in an integration rule, the switch storing the plurality of entries in a table used for processing input packets, an acquisition unit to acquire the plurality of entries from the storage, and a control unit to perform re-integration processing including generating a re-integration entry integrated the plurality of entries and an additional entry in a re-integration rule created based on content of the plurality of entries and the additional entry, the re-integration entry being transmitted to the switch.

Abstract: A network control apparatus includes: a power consumption collecting unit configured to collect power consumption information measured by at least one electrical node included in an electrical layer network and at least one optical node included in an optical layer network; a cut-through range identifying unit configured to calculate an optical cut-through path based on the collected power consumption information; and a cut-through path setting instructing unit configured to instruct the electrical node and the optical node to set the optical cut-through path based on the calculation result in the cut-through range identifying unit.

Abstract: A server is provided in a network system that controllers control switches based on information given from an application. The server includes queues, each of which is associated with the switches, to store information given from the application directed to the associated switch, a receiver to receive, from each controller, destination information including queue designating information and information for transmitting information read from the queue designated by the queue designating information to one of the controllers being a destination of the read information, and a transmitter to transmit the information read from each of the queues to one of the controllers to control at least one of the switches associated with each of the queues based on the destination information.

Abstract: A transfer device in a network including a plurality of control devices includes a network connection device, memory, and a processor. The network connection device communicates a target packet as a target of a transferring process. The memory stores a transfer rule received by the network connection device from a determination device as a control device for determining a transfer rule indicating a method of a process performed by the transfer device. The processor judges whether or not disable information indicating that the transfer rule is not to be acquired from the determination device when a transfer rule applicable to the target packet is not stored in the memory is included in the target packet. When the disable information is included, the processor outputs the target packet to the network connection device without requesting the transfer rule. The network connection device transmits the target packet to another transfer device.

Abstract: A centralized network control device for controlling a plurality of network devices in a centralized manner includes a processor configured to determine a load state of path calculation based on a predetermined threshold value when a path setting request is received, and perform, when a heavy load state of the path calculation is determined, setting control for a temporary path by using a path based on a path tree obtained by past path calculation execution.

Abstract: An auxiliary graph representing connection relations between nodes on a plurality of lightpaths in an optical network is created using a plurality of edges each connecting a pair of nodes. The plurality of lightpaths includes first lightpaths existing in the optical network and the second lightpaths to be set to accommodate traffic that is newly generated for the optical network. Each of the plurality of edges is assigned a weight value indicating a magnitude of increase in power consumption of network devices allocated to the each edge. For start and end nodes, a minimum weight path that has a path weight value minimum among paths each being a continuous sequence of edges that starts from the start node and reaches the end node is obtained, where the path weight value is a total sum of weight values assigned to the continuous sequence of edges.

Abstract: There is provided a control apparatus that includes a reception unit configured to receive information including information of a transmission source, an amount of target data to be transmitted, and a destination, an identification unit configured to identify a transfer apparatus included in a route from the transmission source to the destination, a calculation unit configured to calculate a power consumption based on a transfer rate at which the transfer apparatus performs a transfer, power consumed by the transfer apparatus, and the amount of target data, a determination unit configured to determine a transfer rate corresponding to the power consumption calculated by the calculation unit, and a transmission unit configured to transmit a transfer request for requesting a transfer of the target data at the determined transfer rate to the transfer apparatus.

Abstract: A network control apparatus includes: a power consumption collecting unit configured to collect power consumption information measured by at least one electrical node included in an electrical layer network and at least one optical node included in an optical layer network; a cut-through range identifying unit configured to calculate an optical cut-through path based on the collected power consumption information; and a cut-through path setting instructing unit configured to instruct the electrical node and the optical node to set the optical cut-through path based on the calculation result in the cut-through range identifying unit.