Patents by Inventor Shobha Singh
Shobha Singh has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 7555548Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided for data collection from network elements in a network. A collector sends a data request to one of the network elements. The collector determines whether a condition exists regarding the network element. When the collector determines that the condition exists, the collector stops the data collection from the network element without affecting the data collection by the collector from other network elements, the data collection remains stopped until the collector is notified that the condition no longer exists, and the collector sends a message to the validator to inform the validator of the condition. In another aspect, a validator is informed of a configuration change of one of a group of network elements. The validator requests at least a portion of configuration information of the network element, determines optimum configuration parameters for data collection, and sends the optimum configuration parameters to a collector.Type: GrantFiled: April 7, 2004Date of Patent: June 30, 2009Assignee: Verizon Business Global LLCInventors: Colin P. Winfield, Hubert R. Sieh, Ramin Ali Dousti, Teh Pao Liu, Shobha Singh, Hewad Benawa
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Publication number: 20050228885Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided for data collection from network elements in a network. A collector sends a data request to one of the network elements. The collector determines whether a condition exists regarding the network element. When the collector determines that the condition exists, the collector stops the data collection from the network element without affecting the data collection by the collector from other network elements, the data collection remains stopped until the collector is notified that the condition no longer exists, and the collector sends a message to the validator to inform the validator of the condition. In another aspect, a validator is informed of a configuration change of one of a group of network elements. The validator requests at least a portion of configuration information of the network element, determines optimum configuration parameters for data collection, and sends the optimum configuration parameters to a collector.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 7, 2004Publication date: October 13, 2005Inventors: Colin Winfield, Hubert Sieh, Ramin Dousti, Teh Liu, Shobha Singh, Hewad Benawa
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Patent number: 6154598Abstract: An optical waveguide laser, preferably a fiber laser, has unintentionally incorporated impurities disposed in the lasing medium which upconvert a portion of the lasing radiation to radiation of shorter wavelength, thereby introducing defects in the medium which result in increased absorption due to photodarkening. Suitable rare-earth co-dopants are intentionally incorporated during the manufacture of the fiber for effectively shunting the upconversion process. The lifetime of the fiber laser is thereby increased.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1997Date of Patent: November 28, 2000Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Pavle Gavrilovic, Anish K. Goyal, Hong Po, Shobha Singh
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Patent number: 5388114Abstract: A diode-pumped monolithic laser is fabricated from a self-doubling host material co-doped with two ionic species, where one ionic dopant converts pump radiation to continuous radiation at a fundamental frequency and the other dopant acts as a saturable absorber to Q-switch the fundamental radiation which is then frequency doubled to produce pulsed high-intensity green light, the green light being either outputted or further frequency-doubled, into pulsed coherent UV radiation, by means of a non-linear crystal.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1994Date of Patent: February 7, 1995Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Joseph H. Zarrabi, Shobha Singh, Pavle Gavrilovic
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Patent number: 5295146Abstract: Novel solid state gain mediums provide monolithic lasers with short cavity lengths and with the ability to efficiently lase in the lowest order TEM.sub.00 mode. Unoptimized optical power conversion efficiency of 35% has been achieved with the novel solid state gain mediums in monolithic lasers that have a cavity length as short as 0.5 mm. With proper values for the output mirror reflectivity and low loss host crystals, the optical power conversion efficiency is approximately 50%. Moreover, when in optical contact with a frequency doubling optically non linear crystal, the novel solid state gain mediums in the monolithic lasers can produce coherent visible light.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1993Date of Patent: March 15, 1994Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Pavle Gavrilovic, Shobha Singh
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Patent number: 5280534Abstract: A crystalline material for use in a solid state tunable laser is YAG:Mn wherein the Mn is predominantly trivalent. The laser is tunable in the yellow-orange range (0.59-0.63 .mu.m) and the near infrared range (1.04-1.2 .mu.m).Type: GrantFiled: February 25, 1993Date of Patent: January 18, 1994Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Pavle Gavrilovic, Shobha Singh
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Patent number: 5166948Abstract: An up converting method and apparatus includes a crystalline structure responsive to light emitted from pump light for producing visible and/or ultraviolet light therefrom which is of a shorter wavelength than the pump light. This crystalline structure comprises a composition containing active ions of trivalent rare earth elements and a host material of either anhydrous rare earth halides or rare earth oxysulfides. This crystalline structure is represented by the atomic formula M.sub.(1-x) R.sub.x Z.sub.3 or M.sub.2(1-x) R.sub.2x O.sub.2 S where M comprises at least one rare earth element selected from the group comprising cerium, gadolinium, yttrium, lanthanum, and mixtures thereof, R is a dopant selected from the group comprising neodymium, thulium, erbium, holmium, samarium, and mixtures thereof, x is a value in the range from 0.005 to 1.0, and Z is a halogen selected from the group comprising chlorine, bromine, and iodine.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 1991Date of Patent: November 24, 1992Assignee: Polaroid CorporationInventors: Pavle Gavrilovic, Shobha Singh
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Patent number: 5047369Abstract: This invention is directed to a process of producing semiconductor devices which involves deposition of protective glass layers by a particle beam technique from targets of phosphosilicate glass, as well as a process for production of such targets. The phosphosilicate glass containing 1-15 mole percent P.sub.2 O.sub.5 is produced by a sol/gel technique which involves mixing of a fumed silica, with a surface area of 50-400 m.sup.2 /g, preferably about 200 m.sup.2 /g, with phosphoric acid and water to form a sol with 20-55 wt. % silica, allowing it to gel, drying at ambient conditions, dehydrating at about 650.degree. C. in an atmosphere of an inert gas and chlorine and fluorine containing gases, heating up at a certain rate of from 100.degree. to 180.degree. C. per hour to a peak sintering temperature below 1200.degree. C. and cooling so as to produce amorphous and transparent glass suitable for use as a target. The glass layers are highly advantageous as encapsulating layers, diffusion barrier layers, etc.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1989Date of Patent: September 10, 1991Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Debra A. Fleming, David W. Johnson, Jr., Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. VanUitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 5011794Abstract: This invention is directed to the fabrication of semiconductor devices, especially those comprising III-V and II-VI compound semiconductor materials, and involves Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) of semiconductor wafers, especially those implanted with a dopant(s). The invention is also concerned with a black-box implement used in combination with the RTA. The process includes enclosing a wafer to be annealed within a "black-box" comprising components of a black body material and subjecting the black box with the wafer therein to an RTA.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1989Date of Patent: April 30, 1991Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Karen A. Grim, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4738934Abstract: Epitaxial layers of semi-insulating InP grown by MOCVD on conducting InP wafers make excellent substrates for III-V semiconductor devices. Particularly appealing is the low defect density obtained because of the conducting InP wafers and excellent insulating characteristics of the semi-insulating InP layer. The invention is a procedure for doping the insulating layer by ion implantation. Such a procedure is unusually advantageous for fabricating a variety of devices including MISFETs, MESFETs and JFETs.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 1986Date of Patent: April 19, 1988Assignee: American Telephone and Telegraph Company, AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Wilbur D. Johnston, Jr., Judith A. Long, Albert T. Macrander, Bertram Schwartz, Shobha Singh
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Patent number: 4731293Abstract: A fabrication technique is described for making various devices in which a type of glass is used as a surface protection layer. The glass layers are put down by particle bombardment (generally sputtering or e-beam bombardment) of a phosphorus-containing silicate glass target. Devices with such layers are also described. Such glass layers are highly advantageous as encapsulating material, diffusion barrier layers, etc., particularly for optical type devices and certain semiconductor devices. Particularly important is the preparation procedure for the glass target used in the bombardment process. The glass layers are moisture stable, act as excellent barriers against diffusion, and are usable up to quite high temperatures without cracking or peeling. The glass layers also provide long-term protection against atmosphere components including water vapor, oxygen, atmosphere pollution contaminants, etc.Type: GrantFiled: June 20, 1986Date of Patent: March 15, 1988Assignee: American Telephone and Telegraph Company, AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: David T. Ekholm, William H. Grodkiewicz, Bertram Schwartz, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4634474Abstract: Proposed is a method of fabricating III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors and a resulting product where there is formed on the surface a coating which can function as a diffusion mask and/or a passivation layer. The coating is a silicon layer deposited by a method which does not damage the semiconductor surface.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1984Date of Patent: January 6, 1987Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Irfan Camlibel, Aland K. Chin, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4617192Abstract: The invention is a process for putting down coatings of aluminum oxide on optical surfaces using electron-beam deposition in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Particularly good results are obtained when oxygen is flowed over or directed at the surface to be coated. Such coatings have extremely low losses compared to many conventional optical coatings and are particularly useful for anti-reflection coatings on various devices. In particular, for optical devices with indium phosphide surfaces operating at wavelengths near 1.3 .mu.m, the optical properties of aluminum oxide coatings are near optimum for anti-reflection coatings and the thermal expansion characteristics are a close match to those of indium phosphide.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1985Date of Patent: October 14, 1986Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Aland K. Chin, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. V. Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4502898Abstract: A process is described for doping compound semiconductors using a metal fluoride (e.g., ZnF.sub.2) as the source of dopant. The anhydrous metal fluoride is put down on the surface of the compound semiconductor, capped with a suitable encapsulant and heat treated to promote the diffusion. The heat treatment can be carried out in air without danger of surface damage to the compound semiconductor. Also, the diffusion is better controlled as to depth of diffusion and boundary delineation.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1983Date of Patent: March 5, 1985Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Irfan Camlibel, Howard J. Guggenheim, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4455351Abstract: A process is described for fabricating various optical devices including photodiodes in which a protective dielectric layer is put down on the surface of the device prior to heating to temperatures over about 250-300 degrees C. Such devices have excellent performance characteristics including low dark current and low noise figures.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1983Date of Patent: June 19, 1984Assignee: AT&T Bell LaboratoriesInventors: Irfan Camlibel, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, John R. Zuber, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4407061Abstract: A fabrication technique is described for making various devices in which a certain type of glass is used as a surface protection layer. The glass layers are formed by particle bombardment (generally sputtering or E-beam) of a glass target. Devices with such surface layers are also described. Such glass layers are highly advantageous as encapsulating layers, diffusion barrier layers, etc., particularly for optical type devices and certain semiconductor devices. Particularly important is the preparation procedure for the glass target used in the bombardment process. The glass layers are moisture stable, act as excellent barriers against diffusion, and are usable up to quite high temperatures (i.e., in diffusion doping procedures) without cracking or peeling. The glass layers also provide long-term protection against atmosphere components including water vapor, oxygen, atmosphere pollution contaminants, etc., and can be removed by standard etching techniques.Type: GrantFiled: June 4, 1981Date of Patent: October 4, 1983Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventors: William H. Grodkiewicz, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert
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Patent number: 4374391Abstract: A fabrication technique is described for making various devices in which a type of glass is used as a surface protection layer. The glass layers are put down by particle bombardment (generally sputtering) of a borosilicate glass target. Devices with such surface layers are also described. Such glass layers are highly advantageous as encapsulating material, diffusion barrier layers, etc., particularly for optical type devices and certain semiconductor devices. Particularly important is the preparation procedure for the glass target used in the bombardment process. The glass layers are moisture stable, act as excellent barriers against diffusion, and are usable up to quite high temperatures without cracking or peeling. The glass layers also provide long-term protection against atmosphere components including water vapor, oxygen, atmosphere pollution contaminants, etc.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1980Date of Patent: February 15, 1983Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventors: Irfan Camlibel, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert
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Patent number: 4332440Abstract: Display devices are described in which certain structural features prevent cross-talk effects between individual display elements. This ensures sharp delineation between individual display elements which promotes high contrast and sharp displays. These structural features are particularly advantageous for multiplexed display systems so as to simplify circuit arrangements and ensure sharp, high-contrast displays.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1980Date of Patent: June 1, 1982Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventors: Mauro DiDomenico, Jr., Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert
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Patent number: 4309460Abstract: A process is described for producing devices and articles with gold films made by gold evaporation in which certain fluoride compounds are used to insure good adhesion of the gold film to the substrate. The process is particularly applicable to the production of gold films on non-metallic surfaces such as ceramic and glass surfaces. This procedure not only insures better adhesion of the gold film to the surface, but also permits greater processing variations without adversely affecting film adhesion.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 1980Date of Patent: January 5, 1982Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventors: Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik
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Patent number: 4309081Abstract: Display devices are described which contain organic quinones or diones as active material. These devices exhibit high optical contrast, pleasing and striking colors and unusually low power consumption. Particularly advantageous is the fact that these display devices may exhibit non-linear behavior (sharp thresholds) which permit multiplexing. This is highly advantageous in display device applications.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1979Date of Patent: January 5, 1982Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, IncorporatedInventors: Irfan Camlibel, Shobha Singh, LeGrand G. Van Uitert, George J. Zydzik