Abstract: A first air-supply port and a first air-exhaust port each disposed in a first zone and used to ventilate the first zone are provided. Further, a second air-supply port and a second air-exhaust port each disposed in a second zone and used to ventilate the second zone are provided, and the second zone is adjacent to the first zone. The first air-supply port, the first air-exhaust port, the second air-supply port, and the second air-exhaust port are disposed on one plane. The first air-supply port, the first air-exhaust port, the second air-supply port, and the second air-exhaust port are disposed in order of the first air-exhaust port, the first air-supply port, the second air-supply port, and the second air-exhaust port in one direction, or in order of the first air-supply port, the first air-exhaust port, the second air-exhaust port, and the second air-supply port in one direction.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to generation of dynamic materials having an ordered structure and artificial metabolism. The approach disclosed herein allows autonomous and dynamic generation of materials with structural hierarchy by simultaneously coupling both irreversible synthesis (and optionally decomposition) and dissipative assembly processes, but in an artificial fashion. As an exemplary embodiment, DNA-based Assembly and Synthesis of Hierarchical (or “DASH”) materials have been generated. Systems, devices, reagents and methods for generating the materials, as well as additional applications of the present methodology, are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for removing a thin metal film is disclosed. The system comprises an inclined metal plate electrode for guiding a downward electrolyte flow, an auxiliary electrode placed on either the upstream or downstream side of the metal plate electrode such that a part of the auxiliary electrode is immersed into the electrolyte, and a power supply for applying a DC voltage to the both electrodes. The system is used to remove a metal thin film on the surface of an insulator by making the electrolyte flowing down the metal plate electrode strike against the metal thin film while the DC voltage is applied to the metal plate electrode and auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: A system for removing a thin metal film is disclosed. The system comprises an inclined metal plate electrode for guiding a downward electrolyte flow, an auxiliary electrode placed on either the upstream or downstream side of the metal plate electrode such that a part of the auxiliary electrode is immersed into the electrolyte, and a power supply for applying a DC voltage to the both electrodes. The system is used to remove a metal thin film on the surface of an insulator by making the electrolyte flowing down the metal plate electrode strike against the metal thin film while the DC voltage is applied to the metal plate electrode and auxiliary electrode.

Abstract: A composite sorting apparatus for separating conductive materials from non-conductive materials comprising a drum electrode, needle-shaped electrodes, and a plate-shaped electrode, wherein the plurality of needle-shaped electrodes are arranged so that the interval X in cm (in) between discharge sections of adjacent needle-shaped electrodes with respect to the distance L1 in cm (in) from the tips of discharge sections to the drum electrode meets 0<X/L1≦3.

Abstract: In a composite sorting apparatus comprising a drum electrode (4), needle-shaped electrodes (5), and a plate-shaped electrode (9) to separate a mixture (A) of a copper wire (A2) and plastic pieces (A1) into the copper wire (A2) and the plastic pieces (A1), the plurality of needle-shaped electrodes (5) are arranged so that the interval X(cm) between discharge sections (5a) of the adjacent needle-shaped electrodes (5) with respect to the distance L1(cm) from the tips of the discharge sections (5a) to the drum electrode (4) meets 0<X/L1≦3. Further, the discharge sections (5a) are each formed so that an area formed on the drum electrode (4) and to which corona ions are applied has a diameter three times as large as the distance L1(cm). Furthermore, a voltage (V1) applied between the needle-shaped electrodes (5) and the drum electrode (4) is set to meet 0.5 (kV/cm)≦V1/L1≦10 (kV/cm).