Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pre-filled syringe formulation with staked needle, which contains an antibody at a high concentration and can be produced on an industrial scale in a simple manner without causing clogging. A pre-filled syringe formulation with staked needle, in which a protein solution is packed. The pre-filled syringe formulation is characterized in that a cap formed with a material having low water vapor permeability is provided at the needle.

Abstract: There are provided an evaluation method and an evaluation device for an optical receiver capable of evaluating only a phase error between optical 90-degree hybrids with high accuracy even when there is a skew between channels in the optical receiver. In the evaluation method and the evaluation device for the optical receiver including optical 90-degree hybrids, a phase error between the optical 90-degree hybrids is calculated by calculation of decomposing a transfer function of the optical receiver into a product of matrixes to evaluate the optical receiver.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes quadrature modulators and light receiving elements to which inverted output light of output light from the quadrature modulators is input, the quadrature modulators including parent Mach-Zehnder modulators in respective paths of a first pair of paths into which carrier light from a light source is split, the parent Mach-Zehnder modulators including child Mach-Zehnder modulators including first phase modulation units, and second phase modulation units.

Abstract: Provided is a high-speed optical transmission-reception apparatus including a digital-signal processing circuit and optical modulation and optical reception modules, in which a flexible printed circuit is used as a high-frequency interface for the optical modulation and optical reception modules, a mechanism for connecting the high-frequency line pattern to the flexible printed circuit is provided on a package substrate of the digital-signal processing circuit, and the package substrate and the optical modulation and optical reception modules are connected by the flexible printed circuit.

Abstract: Provided is a polarization multiplexing optical transmitting and receiving circuit that compensates for transmission side PDL so as to suppress a reduction in transmission power and makes a branching ratio of light from a light source variable between a transmission side and a receiving side according to a system to be used.

Abstract: A polarization multiplex optical transmitter circuit can provide compensation for the transmission PDL while reducing decrease in transmission power. The polarization multiplex optical transmitter circuit includes a beam divider circuit configured to divide light outputted from a light source, optical phase shifters provided in at least one of two waveguides connected to output terminals of the beam divider circuit, a light wave synthesizer circuit connected to the two waveguides, first and second optical transmitters coupled to two output terminals of the light wave synthesizer circuit, a polarization multiplexer configured to synthesize two output polarized waves from the first and second optical transmitters, and a polarization rotator provided between the first and second optical transmitters and the polarization multiplexer and coupled to at least one of the first and second optical transmitters.

Abstract: There are provided an evaluation method and an evaluation device for an optical receiver capable of evaluating only a phase error between optical 90-degree hybrids with high accuracy even when there is a skew between channels in the optical receiver. In the evaluation method and the evaluation device for the optical receiver including optical 90-degree hybrids, a phase error between the optical 90-degree hybrids is calculated by calculation of decomposing a transfer function of the optical receiver into a product of matrixes to evaluate the optical receiver.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes quadrature modulators and light receiving elements to which inverted output light of output light from the quadrature modulators is input, the quadrature modulators including parent Mach-Zehnder modulators in respective paths of a first pair of paths into which carrier light from a light source is split, the parent Mach-Zehnder modulators including child Mach-Zehnder modulators including first phase modulation units, and second phase modulation units.

Abstract: A polarization multiplex optical transmitter circuit can provide compensation for the transmission PDL while reducing decrease in transmission power. The polarization multiplex optical transmitter circuit includes a beam divider circuit configured to divide light outputted from a light source, optical phase shifters provided in at least one of two waveguides connected to output terminals of the beam divider circuit, a light wave synthesizer circuit connected to the two waveguides, first and second optical transmitters coupled to two output terminals of the light wave synthesizer circuit, a polarization multiplexer configured to synthesize two output polarized waves from the first and second optical transmitters, and a polarization rotator provided between the first and second optical transmitters and the polarization multiplexer and coupled to at least one of the first and second optical transmitters.

Abstract: Provided is a polarization multiplexing optical transmitting and receiving circuit that compensates for transmission side PDL so as to suppress a reduction in transmission power and makes a branching ratio of light from a light source variable between a transmission side and a receiving side according to a system to be used.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to achieve an optical transceiver and a method for controlling the optical transceiver capable of reducing transmission light intensity to a sufficiently low value, when a transmission light blocking function has been started, without stopping the function of an optical receiver or without providing any variable optical attenuator. In the optical transceiver provided with a quadrature modulator in which parent and child Mach-Zehnder modulators are nested, when blocking a transmission light signal, a bias voltage of the phase modulator unit of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is adjusted so that phase differences at respective arms of the parent and child Mach-Zehnder modulators become 180 degrees.

Abstract: A method estimating transmission characteristics of an optical transmitter of a transmission unit and an optical receiver of a reception unit, including: estimating a temporary transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver; estimating a transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical transmitter from first data acquired by the reception unit when a first known signal is transmitted from the transmission unit, and the estimated temporary transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver, a difference between the first known signal and an original first known signal is minimized; and estimating a transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver from second data acquired by the reception unit when a second known signal is transmitted from the transmission unit, and the estimated transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical transmitter, a difference between the second known signal and an original second known signal is minimized.

Abstract: A method estimating transmission characteristics of an optical transmitter of a transmission unit and an optical receiver of a reception unit, including: estimating a temporary transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver; estimating a transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical transmitter from first data acquired by the reception unit when a first known signal is transmitted from the transmission unit, and the estimated temporary transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver, a difference between the first known signal and an original first known signal is minimized; and estimating a transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical receiver from second data acquired by the reception unit when a second known signal is transmitted from the transmission unit, and the estimated transfer or inverse transfer function of the optical transmitter, a difference between the second known signal and an original second known signal is minimized.

Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: To enable signal position detection, frequency offset compensation, clock offset compensation, and chromatic dispersion amount estimation in a communication system based on coherent detection using an optical signal, even on a signal having a great offset in an arrival time depending on a frequency due to chromatic dispersion. An optical signal transmitting apparatus generates specific frequency band signals having power concentrated on two or more specific frequencies and transmits a signal including the specific frequency band signals. An optical signal receiving apparatus converts a received signal into a digital signal, detects positions of the specific frequency band signals from the converted digital signal, estimates frequency positions of the detected specific frequency band signals, and detects a frequency offset between an optical signal receiving apparatus and an optical signal transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: In order to compensate for chromatic dispersion caused by optical fiber transmission in a communication system with coherent detection using optical signals, specific frequency band signals are used to enable estimation of a chromatic dispersion value.

Abstract: A vector sum phase shifter includes a 90° phase shifter (1) which generates an in-phase signal (VINI) and a quadrature signal (VINQ) from an input signal (VIN), a four-quadrant multiplier (2I) which changes the amplitude of the in-phase signal (VINI) based on a control signal (CI), a four-quadrant multiplier (2Q) which changes the amplitude of the quadrature signal (VINQ) based on a control signal (CQ), a combiner (3) which combines the in-phase signal (VINI) and the quadrature signal (VINQ), and a control circuit (4). The control circuit (4) includes a voltage generator which generates a reference voltage, and a differential amplifier which outputs the difference signal between a control voltage (VC) and the reference voltage as the control signal (CI, CQ). The differential amplifier performs an analog operation of converting the control voltage (VC) into the control signal (CI, CQ) similar to a sine wave or a cosine wave.