Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a data memory cell for storing data; a reference data memory cell for storing reference data to be compared with the data; an inverted data memory cell for storing inverted data of the reference data; a sense amplifier unit; and a data output unit. In a first retrieving process, the sense amplifier unit differentially amplifies the data and the reference data, and adjusts an output thereof when a voltage difference between the data and the reference data becomes a predetermined retrievable voltage difference. In a second retrieving process, the sense amplifier unit differentially amplifies the data and the inverted data, and adjusts an output thereof when a voltage difference between the data and the inverted data becomes the predetermined retrievable voltage difference. The data output unit determines and outputs the data according to a result of the first retrieving process and the second retrieving process.

Abstract: A light emitting module device includes: a power line through which power is supplied to light emitting modules; and a signal generation circuit which generates a control signal. The power line is shared by a plurality of the light emitting modules, and has switches and switches which turn on or off current conduction to the light emitting modules, through open/close operations. The signal generation circuit individually controls the switches and the switches. The open/close operations include a light-emission period in which the light emitting module emits light; and an extinction period in which the light emitting module is extinguished, and if there is a control signal to be transmitted to the light emitting module, the control signal is superimposed onto supply power. Since a control signal is superimposed onto supply power to each light emitting module, the light emitting modules can be individually controlled.

Abstract: An illumination load determination device includes an illumination load; a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to the illumination load; a connection unit for connecting the illumination load and the voltage applying unit; a detection unit for detecting at least one of a current flowing through the illumination load and a voltage across the illumination load when the voltage is applied to the illumination load from the voltage applying unit via the connection unit; and a determination unit for determining a type of the illumination load based on an output from the detection unit. The determination unit has a comparator for comparing a detection value detected by the detection unit to a predetermined threshold, and determines that the illumination load has a capacitance based on an output of the comparator. The voltage applying unit lights on the determined illumination load with a rated driving voltage.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for producing an optically active ?-amino acid derivative, comprising steps of reacting an ?-haloester derivative represented by the general formula (1): of which alcohol part of the ester group is an optically active alcohol derivative, with an amine compound; then deprotecting the obtained compound; further carrying out an ester exchange reaction. According to the present invention method, it is possible to easily produce an optically active ?-amino acid ester derivative which is useful as an intermediate for drugs with high selectivity.

Abstract: A light emitting module device includes: a power line through which power is supplied to light emitting modules; and a signal generation circuit which generates a control signal. The power line is shared by a plurality of the light emitting modules, and has switches and switches which turn on or off current conduction to the light emitting modules, through open/close operations. The signal generation circuit individually controls the switches and the switches. The open/close operations include a light-emission period in which the light emitting module emits light; and an extinction period in which the light emitting module is extinguished, and if there is a control signal to be transmitted to the light emitting module, the control signal is superimposed onto supply power. Since a control signal is superimposed onto supply power to each light emitting module, the light emitting modules can be individually controlled.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a method for producing an optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative which is an intermediate important for production of medicines, agrochemicals, chemical products, and so on. The production method of the present invention comprises: carrying out a hydrogen-transfer reduction of a ketocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof by the reaction of an optically active diamine complex to produce an optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative. According to the present invention, it is possible to safely and efficiently produce an industrially-useful optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: An illumination load determination device includes an illumination load; a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to the illumination load; a connection unit for connecting the illumination load and the voltage applying unit; a detection unit for detecting at least one of a current flowing through the illumination load and a voltage across the illumination load when the voltage is applied to the illumination load from the voltage applying unit via the connection unit; and a determination unit for determining a type of the illumination load based on an output from the detection unit. The determination unit has a comparator for comparing a detection value detected by the detection unit to a predetermined threshold, and determines that the illumination load has a capacitance based on an output of the comparator. The voltage applying unit lights on the determined illumination load with a rated driving voltage.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for producing an optically active ?-amino acid derivative, comprising steps of reacting an ?-haloester derivative represented by the general formula (1): of which alcohol part of the ester group is an optically active alcohol derivative, with an amine compound; then deprotecting the obtained compound; further carrying out an ester exchange reaction. According to the present invention method, it is possible to easily produce an optically active ?-amino acid ester derivative which is useful as an intermediate for drugs with high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention has its object to provide a method for producing an optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative which is an intermediate important for production of medicines, agrochemicals, chemical products, and so on. The production method of the present invention comprises: carrying out a hydrogen-transfer reduction of a ketocarboxylic acid or a salt thereof by the reaction of an optically active diamine complex to produce an optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative. According to the present invention, it is possible to safely and efficiently produce an industrially-useful optically active hydroxycarboxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: There is provided an electrodeless discharge lamp lighting device with small size and low cost by simplifying a noise suppression part and a lighting apparatus having the electrodeless discharge lamp lighting device. A counter circuit of a frequency signal generating circuit repeatedly generates a frequency signal of which the amplitude is varied in a multi-step shape on the basis of an oscillation period of an oscillation circuit. An oscillation circuit outputs an oscillation signal of a frequency corresponding to the amplitude of the frequency signal. A drive circuit drives a switching element of an inverter circuit at the frequency of the oscillation signal and the inverter circuit applies a high-frequency voltage generated by the switching operation of the switching element to an induction coil to start up and light the electrodeless discharge lamp.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp comprising: an airtight container bulb made of a transparent material and enclosing a discharge gas; and a coupler (coil assembly body), contained in a cavity formed in the bulb, for generating a high frequency electromagnetic field by conducting a high frequency current in a coil to excite the discharge gas so as to emit light, wherein the coupler comprises: a pipe-shaped cylinder formed of a thermal conductor for heat release; a skeleton-shaped bobbin mounted on an outer surface of the cylinder along an axial direction of the cylinder; a core made of a soft magnetic material provided at an opening formed by the skeleton of the bobbin and being in substantial surface contact with the cylinder; and a coil wound around a surface of the skeleton-shaped bobbin and the core.

Abstract: There is provided an electrodeless discharge lamp lighting device with small size and low cost by simplifying a noise suppression part and a lighting apparatus having the electrodeless discharge lamp lighting device. A counter circuit of a frequency signal generating circuit repeatedly generates a frequency signal of which the amplitude is varied in a multi-step shape on the basis of an oscillation period of an oscillation circuit. An oscillation circuit outputs an oscillation signal of a frequency corresponding to the amplitude of the frequency signal. A drive circuit drives a switching element of an inverter circuit at the frequency of the oscillation signal and the inverter circuit applies a high-frequency voltage generated by the switching operation of the switching element to an induction coil to start up and light the electrodeless discharge lamp.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp comprising: an airtight container bulb made of a transparent material and enclosing a discharge gas; and a coupler (coil assembly body), contained in a cavity formed in the bulb, for generating a high frequency electromagnetic field by conducting a high frequency current in a coil to excite the discharge gas so as to emit light, wherein the coupler comprises: a pipe-shaped cylinder formed of a thermal conductor for heat release; a skeleton-shaped bobbin mounted on an outer surface of the cylinder along an axial direction of the cylinder; a core made of a soft magnetic material provided at an opening formed by the skeleton of the bobbin and being in substantial surface contact with the cylinder; and a coil wound around a surface of the skeleton-shaped bobbin and the core.

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of a conventional attachment structure of a fuel tank made of resin, the present invention is an attachment structure of a component of a fuel tank made of resin where a connection portion with a tank main body made of resin is formed of a thermally depositable material, and which tank comprises a joint portion connected with the tank main body by a thermal deposition and an inner tubular member supported by the joint portion and housed in the tank main body, wherein a movement regulation mechanism for regulating a movement in an axial direction of the inner tubular member for the joint portion is provided at least at one of the joint portion and the inner tubular member, and the joint portion and the inner tubular member are formed by an integral molding.

Abstract: An LED luminaire is formed such that a plurality of LED chips are disposed three-dimensionally on an MID (molded interconnection device) substrate in a rectangular plate shape, by mounting three LED chips on bottom face of respective dents provided lengthwise and crosswise in one surface of the MID substrate, the LED chips including at least two types diffferent in luminous color, desirably three types of red, blue and green colors. Any optional light distribution characteristic is made thereby easily obtainable depending on a configuration of the substrate, luminaire module can be thinned, and such delicate color difference as white color and day-light color of luminescent lamps is enabled by mixing the luminous colors of the respective LED chips.

Abstract: An LED luminaire is formed such that a plurality of LED chips are disposed three-dimensionally on an MID (molded interconnection device) substrate in a rectangular plate shape, by mounting three LED chips on bottom face of respective dents provided lengthwise and crosswise in one surface of the MID substrate, the LED chips including at least two types mutually diffferent in luminous color, desirably three types of red, blue and green colors. Any optional light distribution characteristic is made thereby easily obtainable depending on a configuration of the substrate, luminaire module can be thinned, and such delicate color difference as white color and day-light color of luminescent lamps is enabled by mixing the luminous colors of the respective LED chips.

Abstract: A self-photography apparatus has an imaging device for picking up an image signal representing a facial image of a human object, a determination device for determining the size of face of the human object. In accordance with the determined face size, the magnification of the image is adjusted so as to make the facial image have a predetermined size in a photograph. The determination device is comprised of a monitor display displaying a video facial image of the human object and indices as the scale of the face size. The magnification of image is changed by manually or automatically changing the object distance or mechanically changing the focal length of a taking lens device. When making a photograph by video printing, the determination device may be a controller determining the face size on the basis of the image signal, an image magnification conversion circuit converts the magnification of image in accordance with the face size determined by the controller.

Abstract: A DP bag having a bag main body which accommodates a developed film and an image display member onto which all of the images of the developed film are recorded together with image specifying marks. Because the images recorded onto the film can be easily viewed at a glance by simply looking at the image display member of the DP bag, it is easier to request prints from the film. Further, because the number of structural members of the DP bag is less than a case in which prints, onto which the contents of the photographs are printed, and the DP bag are provided separately, the DP bag is more resource saving.

Abstract: A photograph-producing apparatus used for rapidly obtaining a portrait photograph of a person for such purposes as pasting on a certification. When a heat development photosensitive material is sent from a receiving portion to a photographic exposure portion in which an image is exposed thereon, frame exposure is performed around the image to form a white portion around the image serving as a final product. After the image has been exposed on the photosensitive material, a solvent for forming the image is applied to the photosensitive material and then adhered to an image-receiving material so that an image or picture is transferred to the image-receiving material which then serves as the product.

Abstract: A method of determining exposure time for a photographic printer on the basis of a cubic function is provided. A plurality of test printings are conducted by using different print magnifications, in such a manner as to obtain the same density of test prints. Exposure times T during test printings are measured in correspondence with the print magnifications m. On the basis of the print magnifications m and the exposure times T, the exposure time is expressed as a cubic function (am.sup.3 +bm.sup.2 +cm+d) of the print magnification. An exposure time for actual printing is determined on the basis of the above-mentioned cubic function, and printing is effected.