Abstract: A method for forming an alignment film for a liquid crystal on a substrate and an associated at least one structure. The substrate is moved in a first direction. A target is disposed on the first surface side of the substrate. The ion beam is propagated from an ion source toward the substrate and impinges on a sputtering surface of the target, which sputters a material of the target and results in sputtered particles of the material being emitted from the sputtering surface of the target and deposited on the first surface side of the substrate to form (i) a sputtering film on the first surface side of the substrate and (ii) an alignment film having an orientation and being disposed on the sputtering film and on the entire surface of the substrate. The alignment film aligns molecules of the liquid crystal in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A method for forming an alignment film for a liquid crystal on a substrate and an associated at least one structure. The substrate is moved in a first direction. A target is disposed on the first surface side of the substrate. The ion beam is propagated from an ion source toward the substrate and impinges on a sputtering surface of the target, which sputters a material of the target and results in sputtered particles of the material being emitted from the sputtering surface of the target and deposited on the first surface side of the substrate to form (i) a sputtering film on the first surface side of the substrate and (ii) an alignment film having an orientation and being disposed on the sputtering film and on the entire surface of the substrate. The alignment film aligns molecules of the liquid crystal in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: An alignment film forming apparatus and a method are provided to form an alignment film for a liquid crystal in a single process of simultaneously executing a film deposition process of ion beam sputtering and an alignment process. The method greatly restricts the size of a substrate. An alignment film forming apparatus includes a target disposed on a top surface side of a substrate and having a sputtering surface defining a sharp angle to the top surface of the substrate, a transfer table that transfers the substrate in a predetermined direction, and an ion source disposed on the top surface side of the substrate in such a way that an ion beam is irradiated on the sputtering surface of the target. An ion beam reflected at the sputtering surface is irradiated on a sputtering film formed on the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a connecting structure of a double tube and an assembling or disassembling method of the double tube capable of disassembling or repairing an inner tube without cutting an outer tube. A connecting structure (10A) includes an outer tube (11) and an inner tube (12). The outer tube (11) is provided at a location corresponding to a connection flange portion (13) of the inner tube (12) with an outer tube short cylinder (15) including openings (14) each having a lid (14a). The outer tube short cylinder (15) is provided at respective ends with outer tube connection flange portions (16A and 16B). There are provided push-up bolts (21) capable of adjusting gaps respectively between an outer tube connection flange portions (17A-1 and 17A-2) which are opposed to each other, and between an outer tube connection flange portions (17B-1 and 17B-2).

Abstract: A double pipe apparatus that includes an outer pipe and an inner pipe inserted into the outer pipe, and regulates a flow of a gas flowing through the double pipe apparatus. The double pipe apparatus includes a flow regulating valve, a valve stem which which penetrates the outer pipe and the inner pipe, and fluid leakage preventing parts including a bellows which is provided between the outer pipe and the inner pipe and which prevents the gas from leaking outside the outer pipe. One end of the bellows is attached to an inner wall of the outer pipe, and the other end of the bellows is attached to a flange formed on the valve stem, so that the gas flowing through the inner pipe is prevented from leaking outside the outer pipe.

Abstract: To provide a double pipe apparatus which prevents gas flowing through an outer pipe and an inner pipe from leaking outside the outer pipe. The double pipe apparatus (10) according to an embodiment includes an outer pipe (11) and an inner pipe (12) inserted into the outer pipe (11), and regulates a flow of a gas (A) flowing through the double pipe apparatus. The double pipe apparatus (10) includes a flow regulating valve (13) which regulates the flow of the gas (A) flowing through the inner pipe (12), a valve stem (14) which supports the flow regulating valve (13) and which penetrates the outer pipe (11) and the inner pipe (12), and fluid leakage preventing parts (16) including a bellows (15) which is provided between the outer pipe (11) and the inner pipe (12) and which prevents the gas (A) from leaking outside the outer pipe (11).

Abstract: A socket 10 for a socket wrench according to the present embodiment is a socket for a socket wrench having a double structure made up of an outer cylinder 11 and an inner cylinder 12, and has slits 13A and 13B extending over the entire length along the axial direction of respective side surfaces of bodies 11a and 12a of the outer cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 12, respectively. The outer cylinder 11 includes, at the leading end thereof, a leading-end fitting section 11c that corresponds to the shape of a head 16a of a fixing bolt of a member 16 to be fastened. The inner cylinder 12 includes a leading-end fitting section 12c that corresponds to the shape of a head 16b of a fastening bolt of the member 16 to be fastened.

Abstract: To provide a connecting structure of a double tube and an assembling or disassembling method of the double tube capable of disassembling or repairing an inner tube without cutting an outer tube. A connecting structure (10A) includes an outer tube (11) and an inner tube (12). The outer tube (11) is provided at a location corresponding to a connection flange portion (13) of the inner tube (12) with an outer tube short cylinder (15) including openings (14) each having a lid (14a). The outer tube short cylinder (15) is provided at respective ends with outer tube connection flange portions (16A and 16B). There are provided push-up bolts (21) capable of adjusting gaps respectively between an outer tube connection flange portions (17A-1 and 17A-2) which are opposed to each other, and between an outer tube connection flange portions (17B-1 and 17B-2).

Abstract: An alignment film forming apparatus and a method are provided to form an alignment film for a liquid crystal in a single process of simultaneously executing a film deposition process of ion beam sputtering and an alignment process. The method greatly restricts the size of a substrate. An alignment film forming apparatus includes a target disposed on a top surface side of a substrate and having a sputtering surface defining a sharp angle to the top surface of the substrate, a transfer table that transfers the substrate in a predetermined direction, and an ion source disposed on the top surface side of the substrate in such a way that an ion beam is irradiated on the sputtering surface of the target. An ion beam reflected at the sputtering surface is irradiated on a sputtering film formed on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a porous composite separator layer for an electrochemical cell comprising the steps of printing a thin layer of a separator precursor solution on the surface of one of the electrochemical cell electrodes, curing the thin layer of separator precursor solution so that it transforms into a microporous composite separator structure. In the preferred embodiment, the separator precursor solution is formulated as an ink comprising a silica aerogel filler material dispersed in a solution of chlorinated polyolefin binder which is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The process allows the manufacture of thin and flexible composite separators which are conformally bonded to the underlying electrodes.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus includes a throttle opening adjusting device for regulating the throttle valve opening in such a manner that the throttle valve is located in a first position for assuring sufficient opening of the throttle valve upon ignition, with the throttle valve being rotatable after establishment of ignition or combustion. The throttle valve is then moved to a second position located between the first position and a fully closed position upon an electric failure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a throttle control apparatus for use in an internal combustion engine. The apparatus includes an accelerator operating mechanism, a driving source, and a supporting member secured to an end portion of a throttle shaft extending out of a housing. A rotor is rotatably mounted on the throttle shaft, and connected with the driving source to be rotated thereby. A movable member is mounted on the throttle shaft between the rotor and the supporting member to be axially movable. A connecting member is disposed for connecting the movable member with the supporting member, and biasing the former toward the latter. An electromagnetic coil is disposed to face the rotor. There is provided an engaging member which has a base end mounted on the movable member for supporting the engaging member rotatably within a predetermined angle range.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus includes an accelerator operation mechanism, a driving source generating driving force in response to at least an operation amount of the accelerator operation mechanism, a throttle shaft fixing a throttle valve of an internal combustion engine thereto and supported on a housing so as to be able to rotate, an electromagnetic clutch mechanism being intermittent a connection between the throttle shaft and the driving source and having a dog clutch which transmits the driving force of the driving source to the throttle shaft and a driving control device for controlling the electromagnetic clutch and the driving source and opening and closing the throttle valve. According to this constitution, when the electromagnetic clutch mechanism operates, the driving source is connected with the throttle shaft via the dog clutch and the driving force of the driving source is immediately transmitted to the throttle shaft.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus includes an accelerator operation mechanism, a driving source, a throttle shaft fixing a throttle valve, a supporting member fixed to the throttle shaft, a rotor supported on the throttle shaft and connected with the driving source so as to be rotated by the driving source, a movable member movably supported on the throttle shaft in the axial direction of the throttle shaft between the rotor and the supporting member, a connection member connecting the movable member with the supporting member, an electromagnetic coil attracting the movable member under the exciting condition for connecting the movable member with the rotor, an engaging member fixed to the movable member and extending toward the axial direction of the throttle shaft, an operation member having an end surface which can be engaged with the engaging member and connected with the accelerator operation mechanism so as to be able to rotate in response to the accelerator.

Abstract: A selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane comprising a membranous, porous resin matrix of a hydrophobic polyolefin or a hydrophobic copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin and a plurality of side chains chemically bonded to both surfaces, which in turn are inclusive of pore wall surfaces, of the membranous porous resin matrix is disclosed. The side chains collectively contain both neutral hydroxyl groups and ion exchange groups. The selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane is suitable for use in selective purification or selective removal of desired ionic substances including not only ionic inorganic substances but also an ionic organic substances, such as a protein and an amino acid, on a commercial scale. Further, the selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane has not only excellent heat resistance, but also excellent mechanical strength.