Abstract: Process for producing a 7-bromoquinolone-carboxylic acid derivative of the following formula or its salt by reacting a 2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid ester compound of the formula R7a-x to obtain a 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoic acid ester, subjecting the 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoic acid ester to elimination reaction of the carboxyl-protecting group to obtain a 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoic acid, subjecting the 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoic acid to ketoesterification reaction to obtain a 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenyolacetic acid ester, reacting the 3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoylacetic acid ester with an orthoester or an acetal, then reacting the reaction product with a compound of the formula R2— NH or its salt to obtain a 2-(3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoyl)-3-substituted aminoacrylic acid ester and subjecting the 2-(3-alkoxy-2,4-dibromobenzoyl)-3-substituted aminoacrylic acid ester to ring-closing reaction, and products thereof.

Abstract: Pyrazine derivatives represented by general formula [1]: 1

Abstract: Processes for producing a 7-isoindoline-quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula [1] which is useful as an antibacterial agent, and an intermediate thereof: comprising reacting, in the presence of metallic palladium, an isoindoline-5-boronic acid, or of a 5-halogenoisoindoline, in the presence of a palladium catalyst, with a dialkoxyborane or an alkoxydiborane.

Abstract: Processes for producing a 7-isoindoline-quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula [1] which is useful as an antibacterial agent, and an intermediate thereof: 1

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for producing a 7-isoindoline-quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula [1] which is useful as an antibacterial agent, and an intermediate thereof: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl-protecting group; R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group; R3 represents at least one group selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups, nitro group, cyano group, acyl groups, protected or unprotected hydroxyl groups and protected or unprotected or substituted or unsubstituted amino groups; R4 represents at least one group selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, alkoxy or alkylthio groups, protected or unprotected hydroxyl or imino groups, protected or unprotected or substituted or unsubstituted amin

Abstract: A prosthesis for the replacement of hard tissues of human bones and joints, comprising a porous lamination component of metal thin sheets, each having a plurality of through holes and a thickness of 150 .mu.m or less, and being unharmful to the living body, the porous lamination component being formed such that the sheets are laid over one another and are then diffusion-bonded therebetween into one body by heating so that the through holes communicate with one another in the direction of the thickness thereof, and the prosthesis being entirely or partially composed of the porous lamination component. The present invention also relates to a method of making such a prosthesis. The present invention can provide prostheses which are not required to be replaced again, thereby imposing a less burden to patients.

Abstract: A prosthesis for the replacement of hard tissues of human bones and joints, comprising a porous lamination component of metal thin sheets, each having a plurality of through holes and a thickness of 150 .mu.m or less, and being unharmful to the living body, the porous lamination component being formed such that the sheets are laid over one another and are then diffusion-bonded therebetween into one body by heating so that the through holes communicate with one another in the direction of the thickness thereof, and the prosthesis being entirely or partially composed of the porous lamination component. The present invention also relates to a method of making such a prosthesis. The present invention can provide prostheses which are not required to be replaced again, thereby imposing a less burden to patients.

Abstract: An extrusion die for forming thin-walled honeycomb structures is provided comprising a plurality of discharge slots for forming unit cells of a predetermined web thickness formed transversely in the die to a predetermined depth in the outlet face and a plurality of mutually independent feed passageways formed transversely in the die extending from the inlet face of the die and communicating with the discharge slots. The cross-sectional area of the feed passageways is larger than the cross-sectional area of the discharge slots which are fed by the feed passageway, thereby applying sufficient flow resistance to the extrudable material and the discharge slot.