Abstract: A thermionic converter for converting thermal energy to electrical energy includes an emitter and a collector. The emitter emits thermionic electrons upon receipt of heat from a heat source. The emitter is made of a first semiconductor material to which a first semiconductor impurity is doped with a first concentration. The collector is spaced and opposite to the emitter to receive the thermionic electrons emitted from the emitter so that the thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. The collector is made of a second semiconductor material to which a second semiconductor impurity is doped with a second concentration less than the first concentration.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes: a solar cell; a protection plate having transparency and disposed on a light receiving side of the solar cell; and a wavelength conversion layer converting a wavelength of light and disposed between the solar cell and the protection plate. The wavelength conversion layer includes a particle, which is dispersed in the wavelength conversion layer. The particle absorbs light having a predetermined wavelength. The particle includes an element as a light emission center for emitting light having a wavelength larger than absorbed light.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells, a wavelength conversion layer, and a translucent protection plate. The solar cells are arranged in a plane direction. The wavelength conversion layer is disposed at a light-receiving side of the solar cells to convert a wavelength of light. The protection plate is disposed at a light-receiving side of the wavelength conversion layer. The protection plate has an inclined reflection surface at an end thereof to reflect light, which travels inside of the protection plate to the end of the protection plate, toward the solar cells.

Abstract: A color organic EL display includes: a substrate; a color filter layer disposed on the substrate; a gas barrier layer disposed on the color filter layer; and an organic EL structural body disposed on the gas barrier layer. The substrate and the color filter layer provide an underlayer of the gas barrier layer. The underlayer is a degassed underlayer. The gas barrier layer is provided by an atomic layer deposition method at a temperature equal to or lower than a decomposition starting temperature of the color filter layer.

Abstract: A solar cell module includes a solar cell and a wavelength conversion optical plate. The solar cell is attached on the optical plate in a thickness direction of the optical plate. The optical plate converts wavelength of solar light. An end portion of the optical plate in a planar direction thereof has an end face inclined relative to the planar direction, so that light, whose wavelength is converted in the optical plate, enters into the solar cell. A solar panel includes a frame and the solar cell modules. The solar cell modules are arranged in the frame in a planar direction of the frame. The frame includes a fixing part, to which an end portion of each of the solar cell modules in a planar direction thereof is fixed in a state where each of the solar cell modules is arranged at a corresponding predetermined fixing position of the frame.

Abstract: A thermionic converter for converting thermal energy to electrical energy includes an emitter and a collector. The emitter emits thermionic electrons upon receipt of heat from a heat source. The emitter is made of a first semiconductor material to which a first semiconductor impurity is doped with a first concentration. The collector is spaced and opposite to the emitter to receive the thermionic electrons emitted from the emitter so that the thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. The collector is made of a second semiconductor material to which a second semiconductor impurity is doped with a second concentration less than the first concentration.

Abstract: A color organic EL display includes: a substrate; a color filter layer disposed on the substrate; a gas barrier layer disposed on the color filter layer; and an organic EL structural body disposed on the gas barrier layer. The substrate and the color filter layer provide an underlayer of the gas barrier layer. The underlayer is a degassed underlayer. The gas barrier layer is provided by an atomic layer deposition method at a temperature equal to or lower than a decomposition starting temperature of the color filter layer.

Abstract: A color organic EL display includes: a substrate; a color filter layer disposed on the substrate; a gas barrier layer disposed on the color filter layer; and an organic EL structural body disposed on the gas barrier layer. The substrate and the color filter layer provide an underlayer of the gas barrier layer. The underlayer is a degassed underlayer. The gas barrier layer is provided by an atomic layer deposition method at a temperature equal to or lower than a decomposition starting temperature of the color filter layer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes pixels disposed with an organic layer including a light-emitting layer 33 between lower electrodes and upper electrodes. A backward bias voltage equal to or less than the withstand voltage of the organic layer in a voltage application condition at the time of use is applied, and preferably a backward bias voltage that is ½ of, or less than ½ of, the withstand voltage of the organic layer is applied. Thus, using the withstand voltage of the organic layer in the voltage application condition at the time of use as a guide, the value of the backward bias voltage for self-repair can be set to an appropriate magnitude and defective portions of the pixels can be self-repaired.

Abstract: A recording film is formed by a vacuum film formation process. The recording film contains a substance which is thermally decomposed when a recording laser beam is irradiated thereto. When the substance is thermally decomposed by irradiation of the recording laser beam, a substance generated by the thermal decomposition is precipitated within the recording film, and therefore a change in complex index of refraction is caused predominantly over the raising deformation in the recording film. As a result, information is recorded in the recording film while causing almost no raising deformation of the recording film.

Abstract: In response to a read instruction, the confidentiality of a data entry to be read from memory is determined by referencing the state of a confidentiality flag corresponding to that data entry. If the data entry is determined to be confidential, then specified codes of the data stored in the RAM are converted into different codes, i.e., the data entry is scrambled. The data entry is then displayed using the converted codes.

Abstract: In a rewritable optical information recording medium, a transparent interference layer, a translucent interference layer, a lower protection layer, a recording layer, an upper protection layer, and a reflection layer are formed on a substrate in that order. The transparent interference layer has a reflectance which changes in accordance with a wavelength of a beam incident on the substrate, and the translucent interference layer has a light transmittance smaller than that of the transparent interference layer. In this constitution, by determining appropriate thicknesses of the above-mentioned layers, a reflectance of a non-recorded portion of the recording medium with respect to a reproducing beam can be increased. Further, reflectances of the non-recorded and recorded portions with respect to a recording and erasing beam can be decreased, so that it becomes easy to record and erase information in the recording medium.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium 10, being a reloadable optical information recording medium, has a first surface on which a pre-group is formed. A lower protective multi-layer film 2 consisting of a total of four film layers, a recording film layer 3, an upper protective film layer 4 and a reflective film layer 5 are successively accumulated on the first surface. On a second surface opposed to the first surface, there is formed an anti-reflective multi-layer film 6 consisting of an anti-reflective film (I) layer 6a and an anti-reflective film (II) layer 6b. Provided with the anti-reflective multi-layer film 6, the optical information recording medium 10 can eliminate reflections of irradiated light on the surface of its substrate.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: a display screen; a power supply switch; a memory for storing a plurality patterns of graphic data, select information indicating which graphic data is selected, and the number of times by which the power supply switch is operated; a controller responsive to the power supply switch being operated for controlling the display screen to display graphic data of a pattern specified by the select information; and a device for updating in accordance with a predetermined scheme the select information and the number of times of operation of the power supply switch, if the power supply switch is operated and the number of times of operation of the power supply switch satisfies predetermined conditions. For example, when the power supply switch is operated a predetermined times, a dialog screen for selecting the next pattern is displayed.

Abstract: A data processing device according to the present invention including memory device, input device, display device for repetitions processing of various kinds of statistic data in table form and having the capability of easily executing various kinds of statistic calculations.

Abstract: In a data processing device for processing table data, a memory is adapted for storing the table data lined up in matrix shape. The data of each of the table elements can be displayed with the line item name and the row item name in a display unit having a small number of lines so that the table data may have a corresponding identification for a row and a line.

Abstract: A time display device comprising: a key input unit; a display unit; a clock unit for timing the standard time; a city name memory unit storing city names of three figures; a time difference memory unit storing the time differences of individual cities; a city name call unit for displaying the city names in a listed form in the display unit; a city name selection unit for selecting one city name from those listed; a city time calculation unit for determining the time of the selected city name by calculations of the standard time and the time difference and for outputting the determined time to the display unit; and city name rearrangement unit for enabling a city name of high selection frequency to be preferentially called by storing the selected city name in the head of the city name memory unit.

Abstract: An electronic calculator apparatus includes a keyboard for inputting numerical and function data, a printer for printing out on a record medium a sequence of data input by the keys and calculation results related to the data, and a printer controller for determining the content and format of the data printed out. The printer controller has the capability of recognizing when two successive function keys are actuated, and instructs the printer to print out on the record medium two successive function symbols without any numerical data symbols therebetween corresponding to symbols on the successively actuated function keys. Accordingly, an operator may study the record medium and locate amended function input data in regions where two function symbols ar juxtaposed.

Abstract: An integrated electronic device has table preparation and graph drawing capabilities. A memory receives numerical input data which is arranged in tabular rows and columns. The device sums the data in column or row sums and stores the sums. A graph drawing device is responsive to the data stored in memory and controls a printer to draw a graph based on the row or column sums. The graph drawing device may draw one of a plurality of different graph types selected by the user. The column sum or row sum information may thus be displayed in one of the plurality of graph types.