Abstract: An ammonia production method involves producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules, in a production device for performing electrolysis, in the presence of a metal complex and a solid catalyst in a cathode, by providing electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source, and nitrogen molecules from a means for supplying nitrogen gas, and by providing hydrogen molecules by sending hydrogen molecules to an anode including sending hydrogen gas produced at the cathode to the anode. Concerning a metal complex and a solid catalyst, as the metal complex, rac-ethylenebis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride or the like is used, and as the solid catalyst, a metal catalyst or the like is used.

Abstract: The aggregation of solids in a catalyst ink used for the fabrication of catalyst layers for a fuel cell is eliminated or reduced to allow the ink to attain improved applicability and by that to offer improved power generation characteristics when used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell. For example, the present invention resides in a fired body from a mixture including graphene oxide and a nitrogen-containing compound component.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules with a reducing agent and a proton source, the method using, as a catalyst, a molybdenum complex obtained by reacting a ligand of Formula (1) and a molybdenum compound: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C3-10 alkyl group, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a phenyl group, or an Ar1 aryl group, and at least one of R3, R4 and R5 is a phenyl group or an Ar1 aryl group, a molybdenum complex used in the method and a ligand that is a raw material for the molybdenum.

Abstract: An ammonia production method is a method that produces ammonia from nitrogen molecules by donating electrons from a power supply, protons from a proton source, and the nitrogen molecules from means for supplying a nitrogen gas in presence of a complex, a solid catalyst, and a reaction field forming material in a cathode by a production apparatus for performing electrolysis. In the complex, the solid catalyst, and the reaction field forming material, for example, a molybdenum complex expressed by Formula (A1-1) is used as the complex. A platinum catalyst is used as the solid catalyst, and a rare earth metal-carbon-based binder is used as the reaction field forming material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition containing an electron-donating polymer (D) and an electron-withdrawing polymer (A), wherein the electron-donating polymer (D) has a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1a), Y1a in the following formula (1a) is a divalent group represented by the following formula (3a), and the electron-withdrawing polymer (A) has a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (4a): wherein the symbols in the formulas are as described in the DESCRIPTION.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia involves producing ammonia from molecular nitrogen in a production apparatus for performing electrolysis by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source and molecular nitrogen from a device for supplying a nitrogen gas while in the presence of a solid catalyst and a complex in a cathode. For example, a molybdenum complex represented by formula (A1) or formula (B2) as the complex, and a platinum catalyst or a platinum catalyst/gold catalyst combination as the solid catalyst are used.

Abstract: A method for producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules, by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source, and nitrogen molecules from a device for supplying nitrogen gas, in the presence of a molecular catalyst and a solid catalyst at the cathode of a production apparatus that performs electrolysis. Regarding the molecular catalyst and the solid catalyst, bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride, for example, is used as the molecular catalyst, and a metal catalyst, an oxide catalyst, or a combination thereof is used as the solid catalyst.

Abstract: A stable form which uses a carbon material having electrical conductivity as a raw material and that the electrical conductivity of the carbon material is retained and/or improved, and which improves the electricity generation properties when used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell. The present invention is directed to, e.g., a calcined material of a mixture of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carbon material having electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A fuel cell is an ammonia fuel cell using an ammonia-containing fuel. A catalyst used for an anode of the fuel cell is a ruthenium complex having two first ligands and one second ligand, and the first ligand is pyridine or a condensed cyclic pyridine compound with or without a substituent, and the second ligand is 2,2?-bipyridyl-6,6?-dicarboxylic acid with or without a substituent on a pyridine ring.

Abstract: An ammonia production method is a method of producing ammonia from nitrogen molecule using electron supplied from a power supply in the presence of a complex and a proton source. The complex used is, for example, a molybdenum complex (1) that is carried on Merrifield resin.

Abstract: Provided is a material which can be used in a catalyst layer for a fuel cell and exhibits proton conductive properties. The present invention is directed to a carbon-based solid acid comprising a carbon material having a sulfonic acid group through a linker.

Abstract: A fuel cell is an ammonia fuel cell using an ammonia-containing fuel. A catalyst used for an anode of the fuel cell is a ruthenium complex having two first ligands and one second ligand, and the first ligand is pyridine or a condensed cyclic pyridine compound with or without a substituent, and the second ligand is 2,2?-bipyridyl-6,6?-dicarboxylic acid with or without a substituent on a pyridine ring.

Abstract: This is to provide a non-halogen containing compound excellent in proton conductivity and capable of suitably being used for a polymer electrolytic fuel cell The compound of the present invention has a structure represented by the following general formula (I). (In the above-mentioned general formula (I), “l” and “n” are molar fractions when l+n=1.0, and 0?l<1.0 and 0<n?1.0, A represents a structure represented by the following general formula (II) or (III), B represents a structure represented by the following general formula (VII), the respective structural units are random copolymerized, and at least one benzene ring in the formula (I) has at least one sulfo group.

Abstract: A composition containing electron-donating polymer (D) having a structure represented by the following formula (1), and electron-withdrawing polymer (A) having a structure represented by the following formula (2): wherein definition of the symbols are as described in the DESCRIPTION is provided.

Abstract: This is to provide a non-halogen containing compound excellent in proton conductivity and capable of suitably being used for a polymer electrolytic fuel cell The compound of the present invention has a structure represented by the following general formula (I). (In the above-mentioned general formula (I), “l” and “n” are molar fractions when l+n=1.0, and 0?l<1.0 and 0<n?1.0, A represents a structure represented by the following general formula (II) or (III), B represents a structure represented by the following general formula (VII), the respective structural units are random copolymerized, and at least one benzene ring in the formula (I) has at least one sulfo group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition containing an electron-donating polymer (D) and an electron-withdrawing polymer (A), wherein the electron-donating polymer (D) has a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (1a), Y1a in the following formula (1a) is a divalent group represented by the following formula (3a), and the electron-withdrawing polymer (A) has a constitutional unit represented by the following formula (4a): wherein the symbols in the formulas are as described in the DESCRIPTION.

Abstract: provided is a composition containing electron-donating polymer (D) having a structure represented by the following formula (1), and electron-withdrawing polymer (A) having a structure represented by the following formula (2): wherein definition of the symbols are as described in the DESCRIPTION.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide an efficient process for producing an optically active chromene oxide compound which is an important intermediate for a benzopyran compound effective in the treatment of arrhythmia. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] The process for producing an optically active chromene oxide compound comprises using an optically active titanium complex represented by, e.g., the formula (1) or (2) as a catalyst to asymmetrically oxidize an optically active chromene compound with high enantioselectivity in high chemical yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms by treating the crop to be protected, the soil or the plant propagation material with an effective amount of copper salt particles which comprise a water-soluble polymer and which have a primary particle diameter of from 1 to 200 nm. The invention also relates to an aqueous suspension of the abovementioned copper salt particles and the use of this suspension in crop protection.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a production method of optically active epoxy compound, and a complex used for the production method and a production method of the complex. [Means for solving the problem] The skeleton that is necessary for expressing a high catalyst activity of optically active titanium salan complex of formulae (1) and (1?) and the substituent that is useful therefor and the position of the substituent are identified, and it is found that optically active epoxy compounds can be produced with a high enantioselectivity and a high chemical yield compared with a case where the prior optically active titanium salan complex is used. The production method comprises subjecting a prochiral compound (formula (4), (5) or (6)) having carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule to asymmetric epoxidation to produce an optically active epoxy compound (formula (7), (8) or (9)). The present invention relates also to a complex used for the production method and a production method of the complex.