Abstract: A motion picture coding and decoding apparatus divides each frame of a motion picture into a plurality of blocks and for providing a prediction error to each of the blocks between a target frame and a reference frame. A motion vector is coded for each block and stored for both the target frame and the reference frame. A differential motion vector is determined based upon the motion vector of the target frame and a corresponding block in the reference frame. The differential motion vector is then coded and multiplexed with the coded prediction error and output on a transmission path. The coded data is then decoded and the differential motion vector and a motion vector of a corresponding block from a reference frame can thereby be added to obtain a motion vector to be used for decoding the prediction error.

Abstract: A brake pressure control device is capable of realizing reduction in a braking distance of a vehicle by promoting control in decreasing brake pressure applied on wheel braking force generating members such as wheel cylinders or a response function in increasing the brake pressure applied on the wheel braking force generating members in generating braking force on wheels.

Abstract: According to the picture data coding apparatus of the present invention, the picture data storage unit stores each frame inputted from the pre-process unit, and the frame memory stores the latest-transmitted decoded frame. The frame selection unit judges whether or not a frame under transmission can be displayed. If the frame has been judged to be incapable of being displayed, the frame selection unit judges whether or not each frame stored in the picture data storage unit 103 can be displayed or not, and selects the smallest numbered frame among frames which have been judged to be capable of being displayed. The coding unit predictive codes the selected frame by using the latest-transmitted frame stored in the frame memory 131 as a reference frame, thereby outputting it to the transmission buffer 127. These features can minimize frame skipping even when a frame under transmission becomes incapable of being displayed due to a burst error.

Abstract: In an anti-skid control system for a motor vehicle there is provided a fail-safe control system for providing a compensation for a proper vehicle braking operation against the occurrence of failure of a hydraulic pressure control valve. The fail-safe control system includes a device for monitoring a control signal for controlling the operation of the control valve so that the hydraulic pressure applied to a wheel braking cylinder is regulated for preventing a wheel of the vehicle from skidding. The monitoring device detects the occurrence of failure of the control valve when the control signal indicative of one of the operation modes of the control valve is continuously generated more than a predetermined time period.