Abstract: A printed wiring board includes an electrically insulating base film, and an electrically conductive pattern stacked on at least one surface side of the base film. An average width of multiple wiring portions included in the electrically conductive pattern is 5 ?m or greater and 20 ?m or less. Each of the wiring portions includes a seed layer and a plating layer. The plating layer includes copper crystal planes of a (111) plane, a (200) plane, a (220) plane, and a (311) plane. An intensity ratio IR220 of an X-ray diffraction intensity of the copper crystal plane (220) obtained by Equation (1) below is 0.05 or greater and 0.14 or less, IR220=I220/(I111+I220+I311)??(1) (where I111, I200, I220, I311 are respectively X-ray diffraction intensity of the (111) plane (200) plane, the (220) plane, and the (311) plane).

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board includes: a base film having a hole for forming a through hole; and a coil-shaped wiring layer layered on at least one surface side of the base film, wherein the wiring layer includes a land portion arranged at an inner peripheral surface of the hole and at a peripheral portion of the hole of the base film, and a winding portion arranged in a spiral shape with the land portion as an inside end portion or an outside end portion, wherein the winding portion includes a first winding portion that is an outermost circumference and a second winding portion that is inside relative to the outermost circumference, and wherein a ratio of an average thickness of the land portion to an average thickness of the second winding portion is 1.1 or more and 5 or less.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuating system having a valve member is provided. This system can improve a response of movement of the valve member while reducing power consumption of the system. The electromagnetic actuating system includes an armature which moves with the valve member, an electromagnet which attracts the armature in a direction of movement of the valve member by being supplied with a current, and a spring which presses the armature away from the electromagnet. A permanent magnet which can exert a magnetic attracting force between the armature and the electromagnet is provided. A current controller supplies a release current to the electromagnet so that magnetic flux is generated in a direction opposite to a direction of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet when the armature is released from the electromagnet.

Abstract: A fuel-cells system 20 is equipped with an oxygen enrichment unit 34 and supplies air whose oxygen partial pressure has been increased by the oxygen enrichment unit 34 to fuel cells 40 as oxidizing gas. The oxygen enrichment unit 34 is a magnetic oxygen enrichment device that effects oxygen enrichment utilizing the fact that the oxygen molecule is paramagnetic and when magnetized migrates toward a magnetic pole side. Specifically, a magnetic field is generated inside the oxygen enrichment unit 34 by an electromagnet, air compressed by a compressor unit 32 is supplied to the oxygen enrichment unit 34, and compressed oxygen-enriched air is discharged from the vicinity of the magnetic poles in the oxygen enrichment unit 34 and supplied to the fuel cells 40.

Abstract: In a solenoid valve device, a valving element opens and closes a fluid passage by exerting an electromagnetic force between an armature and a core. The solenoid valve device includes a movable portion which includes the armature and the valving element. A fixed portion includes the core. An impact absorbing unit absorbs an impact of the movable portion on the fixed portion, the impact absorbing unit including a gel part which transforms a mechanical energy of the impact into a thermal energy.

Abstract: An oxygen enriched air producing apparatus includes a casing, at least one rotor rotatably disposed in the casing to thereby define a space between the casing and the rotor, and a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic flux extending axially within the space between the casing and the rotor. An oxygen enriched air outlet and a nitrogen enriched air outlet are formed in the casing so as to be spaced from each other in an axial direction of the space.

Abstract: A method of corrugating a metallic pipe which achieves an increase in the limit of tube expansion ratios. First, a heated part is formed by heating a local part of an outer periphery of a pipe in a circumferential direction by a high frequency coil. Next, the heated part is located within a forming surface of a forming die, and an axial compressive stress is applied to the pipe. Thus, the heated part is expanded while restricted by the forming surface. Therefore, even when the axial length of the heated part is increased, formability is stabilized and the tube expansion ratio can be raised.