Abstract: A semiconductor static random access memory having a high .alpha.-ray immunity and a high packing density is provided which is also capable of high-speed operation. A semiconductor memory device comprises static random access memory cells each including a flip-flop circuit. Storage nodes of each flip-flop circuit have respective pn-junctions formed at regions sandwiched between gate electrodes of first insulated gate field effect transistors and gate electrodes of second insulated gate field effect transistors, respectively. The pn-junction has an area smaller than that of a channel portion of the first or second insulated gate field effect transistor.

Abstract: A MOS transistor sense amplifier employs cross coupled positive feedback for the load circuit of a differential amplifier with an equalizing switch at the amplifier output, and preferably also at the input. This basis amplifier circuit may be repeated in stages. When stages are employed, it is desirable that the first stage employs current mirror loading of the differential amplifier to reduce the data delay. Data delay is further reduced by providing strong amplification during the sense portion of the read cycle with a preamplifier, which preamplifier has its amplification reduced, preferably to unity by being turned off, when the sense portion of the cycle is finished, and most preferably when the input and output data lines are directly connected independently of the preamplifier, so that the preamplifier may be completely turned off to lower power consumption.

Abstract: Electric charge is supplied to a circuit node being in a charge storing state within a signal processor in response to a signal-processing commencing signal. The processor is operated in a low-temperature range, for example, in the range of temperature below 200K. By this structure, a leakage current is reduced, a high degree of integration equivalent to that of a dynamic circuit can be obtained, and the simplicity of a static circuit not requiring any complicated internal/external timing signals can be realized. Also disclosed is a semiconductor device, and method of forming such semiconductor device, for operation in a range of temperatures below 100.degree. K. The device has, in a silicon surface region where the channel of the device is formed, a low impurity concentration layer (between the source and drain regions of the device).

Abstract: Information read out from a memory cell of a static type semiconductor memory is subjected to multi-stage sense amplification in an initial stage sense amplifier, a post-stage sense amplifier and a main amplifier and then transmitted to the input of an output buffer circuit. Since an equalizing circuit is connected to the complementary inputs of each stage of the multi-stage sense amplifier, an inverse information read operation can be executed at high speed. Initially, the initial stage sense amplifier, the post-stage sense amplifier and the main amplifier are controlled to operate in high amplification gain conditions so as to execute high speed sense amplification and thereafter controlled to operate in such low power consumption conditions that the read-out information output obtained by the high speed sense amplification will not disappear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for quickly masking defective memory elements with substitute memory elements includes first and second memory blocks. The first memory block includes a first memory array and a second spare memory array. The second memory block includes a second memory array and a first spare memory array. A first word from the first memory array is selected concurrently with a first substitute word from the first spare memory. An address signal is decoded and then compared with data representative of a defective word. In the event it is determined, as a result of this comparison, that the first word is defective, the first substitute word is then communicated to a common data bus. Alternatively, the first word is communicated to the common data bus.

Abstract: Information read out from a memory cell of a static type semiconductor memory is subjected to multi-stage sense amplification in an initial stage sense amplifier, a post-stage snese amplifier and a main amplifier and then transmitted to the input of an output buffer circuit. Since an equalizing circuit is connected to the complementary inputs of each stage of the multi-stage sense amplifier, an inverse information read operation can be executed at high speed. Initially, the initial stage sense amplifier, the post-stage sense amplifier and the main amplifier are controlled to operate in high amplification gain conditions so as to execute high speed sense amplification and thereafter controlled to operate in such low power consumption conditions that the read-out information output obtained by the high speed sense amplification will not disappear.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device having a memory plane defined by a plurality of memory cells, a decoder line for accessing the memory cells, a common data line on which a signal output from an accessed memory cell is collected, and a sense amplifier for amplifying the signal collected on the common data line. The sense amplifier has an amplifying circuit portion which is composed of a pair of common-collector type bipolar transistors supplied with the signal collected on the common data line as a differential input, and a plurality of MOS transistors for converting a change in current into a change in voltage. Each of the MOS transistors has a lightly-doped drain structure.

Abstract: Each of the memory cells in a SRAM includes two driver MOS transistors, two transfer gate MOS transistors and two load resistances. The gate electrode layers of the MOS transistors are formed from a first-level conductive layer provided on the surface of a semiconductor substrate. The source regions of the two driver MOS transistors in each memory cell are connected in common and further connected to a ground potential point through a second-level conductive layer. The two load resistances in each memory cell are formed from a third-level high-resistance material layer. The second-level conductive layer is formed from a low-resistance material layer. Thus the resistance of the sources of the two driver MOS transistors is lowered.

Abstract: A CMOS IC is formed on a semiconductor crystalline surface having a plane azimuth (110) or (023), or of a plane azimuth close thereto (plane azimuth substantially in parallel with the above-mentioned planes), in order to increase the speed of operation.At low temperatures, dependency of the carrier mobility upon the plane azimuth becomes more conspicuous as shown in FIG. 1, and the difference of mobility is amplified depending upon the planes. Therefore, employment of the above-mentioned crystalline planes helps produce a great effect when the CMOS device is to be operated at low temperature (e.g., 100.degree. K. or lower), and helps operate the device at high speeds.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory is provided with automatic refresh means including a timer, a refresh counter and a refresh buffer each formed on a semiconductor chip mounted with an asynchronous memory, for automatically performing a periodic refresh operation on the basis of a basic clock signal which is generated in response to the detection of a logical change in the output of the refresh counter. The automatic refresh counter includes means for performing one of a read operation and a write operation which are based upon a regular address signal asynchronous with the periodic refresh operation, in preference to the periodic refresh operation.

Abstract: Electric charge is supplied to a circuit node being in a charge storing state within a signal processor in response to a signal-processing commencing signal. The processor is operated in a low-temperature range, for example, in the range of temperature below 200K. By this structure, a leakage current is reduced, a high degree of integration equivalent to that of a dynamic circuit can be obtained, and the simplicity of a static circuit not requiring any complicated internal/external timing signals can be realized.

Abstract: In a solid-state imaging device having a plurality of photodiodes which are arrayed in two dimensions on an identical semiconductor body, a group of horizontal switching elements and a group of vertical switching elements which pick up the photodiodes, and a horizontal scanning circuit and a vertical scanning circuit which impress scanning pulses on the horizontal and vertical switching elements respectively, and having an interlaced scanning mechanism which picks up a plurality of vertical scanning lines by means of interlace switching elements so as to permit horizontal scanning of scanning lines of a plurality of rows; a solid-state imaging device characterized in that said interlaced scanning mechanism includes insulated-gate field effect transistors for recovering voltage levels of the scanning pulses having undergone voltage drops due to the interlace switching elements.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device wherein a MOS sensor is employed for a photosensor part, a CTD shift register is employed for a read-out circuit, first and second transfer gates are connected between vertical signal output lines and the CTD, and a reset gate is connected between a juncture of the first and second transfer gates and a reset voltage line. A method is adopted in which signal outputs of a plurality of rows are transferred to the CTD in a horizontal blanking period, and signals of a plurality of rows are simultaneously read out in a horizontal scanning period. At the signal transfer, bias charges are dumped into the vertical signal output lines from the CTD, and mixed charges consisting of the bias charges and signal charges are transferred to the CTD. Thereafter, the signals are read out.

Abstract: This invention provides a signal processing circuit of a solid-state imaging device utilizing discontinuous scanning pulses having fixed interval times, and with a fixed pattern noise-eliminating circuit of high performance. In the signal processing circuit of this invention, switching elements are disposed in a feedback circuit of a signal amplifier (for example, pre-amplifier) and at an output of the signal amplifier, whereby the fixed pattern noise is suppressed so as to attain a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device which is horizontally scanned by a discontinuous scanning pulse train, wherein an output signal of the device is integrated by a signal processing circuit which comprises an emitter follower (source follower) circuit and a capacitor disposed in parallel with the emitter follower (source follower) circuit, whereby noise components are canceled so as to derive only a video signal. With this solid-state imaging device, fixed pattern noise can be eliminated, and a good picture quality can be achieved.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device of a picture element construction made up of photodiodes consisting of an N-type semiconductor substrate, a P-type well region formed in the main surface of said semiconductor substrate, and an N-type region formed in said well region, and vertical switching insulated-gate field effect transistors which utilize said N-type region as either the source or the drain, characterized in that a video voltage is applied to said substrate.