Abstract: The invention disclosed concerns a method and an apparatus for transferring a toner powder image from a toner image bearing member to a transfer paper by pressure. In transferring the toner image, a pressure roller is placed in contact with the surface of the toner image bearing member under a pressure of at least 20 kg/cm.sup.2 and sliding is produced between the toner image bearing member and the transfer paper. Two different methods can be used to produce the sliding. The first method is to rotate the pressure roller at a speed different from the rotating speed of the toner image bearing member and the second method is to rotate the pressure roller so disposed to intersect its rotating axis with the rotating axis of the toner image member at an angle of about 0.5.degree. to 2.degree..

Abstract: An electrophotographic process including the step of pre-exposing the surface of a photosensitive member to light at an exposure of no less than 10.sup.3 lx-sec, followed by the uniform charging of the same. The photosensitivity of this type photosensitive member in an image exposing step varies according to its prior history. This process further includes the step of exposing an image by projecting an optical image, corresponding to an original image, onto the photosensitive member thus charged for forming a clear electrostatic latent image, corresponding to the original image, on the surface of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process in which a photosensitive member such as CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 -resin photosensitive member having peculiar hysteresis characteristics is sequentially subjected to pre-charging step, hysteresis charging step, hysteresis exposure step, charging step and image-wise light exposure step, the adjustment of photosensitivity of the photosensitive member by variation of the amount of light in the hysteresis exposure step results in an improvement in image formation.

Abstract: An improved electrophotographic copier is disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copying apparatus of a type in which an electrostatic latent image of an original to be copied is formed, through suitable illumination means, on a dielectric surface of a transfer material or copy paper held under pressure between a photoreceptor plate and an electrically conductive pressure pad on a pressing plate during impression of a potential across the photoreceptor plate and the pressure pad, there are incorporated an improved pressing device for pressing the copy paper against the photoreceptor plate, and a fixing device having uniform heat radiation and operated through a special fixing temperature control circuit.