Abstract: Pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material of the present invention contain a carbonaceous material and iron ore mainly composed of iron oxide. The maximum fluidity of the carbonaceous material in softening and melting, and the ratio of iron oxide particles of 10 &mgr;m or smaller in the iron ore are within the range above a line which connects in turn points A, B and C shown in FIG. 1, including the line. This permits the production of pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material having excellent thermal conductivity and high strength. Reduction of the pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material produces reduced iron having high strength after reduction and a low fines ratio with improved productivity.

Abstract: Pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material of the present invention contain a carbonaceous material and iron ore mainly composed of iron oxide. The maximum fluidity of the carbonaceous material in softening and melting, and the ratio of iron oxide particles of 10 &mgr;m or smaller in the iron ore are within the range above a line which connects in turn points A, B and C shown in FIG. 1, including the line. This permits the production of pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material having excellent thermal conductivity and high strength. Reduction of the pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material produces reduced iron having high strength after reduction and a low fines ratio with improved productivity.

Abstract: Pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material of the present invention contain a carbonaceous material and iron ore mainly composed of iron oxide. The maximum fluidity of the carbonaceous material in softening and melting, and the ratio of iron oxide particles of 10 &mgr;m or smaller in the iron ore are within the range above a line which connects in turn points A, B and C shown in FIG. 1, including the line. This permits the production of pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material having excellent thermal conductivity and high strength. Reduction of the pellets incorporated with a carbonaceous material produces reduced iron having high strength after reduction and a low fines ratio with improved productivity.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material is controlled such that the amount of carbon is from 7 to 60 mass % based on the total amount of iron and Zn in a starting mixture comprising one or more of ducts containing iron oxide and Zn oxide and a binder in an amount to bond the dusts, and water is added to prepare green pellets incorporated with the carbonaceous material. Then, dry pellets prepared by drying the thus prepared green pellets into a reduction furnace, the dry pellets are heated by heat transfer, mainly, radiation such that a temperature elevation rate is from 3 to 13° C./sec within a temperature range from 150 to 900° C. of the pellets, thereby reducing Zn oxide and evaporating Zn, as well as reducing iron oxide to produce reduced iron pellets.

Abstract: A method of producing reduced iron agglomerates capable of preventing oxidation in the surface layer of the agglomerates and obtaining reduced iron agglomerates having a high degree of metallization, by blowing a methane or methane-containing gas to the reduced iron oxide agglomerates incorporated with carbonaceous material at a surface temperature of 1150° C. or higher during movement in a moving hearth heating type furnace at the end of reduction as the final stage of the stagnation period of the agglomerates in the heating furnace.

Abstract: A carbonaceous material is controlled such that the amount of carbon is from 7 to 60 mass % based on the total amount of iron and Zn in a starting mixture comprising one or more of ducts containing iron oxide and Zn oxide and a binder in an amount to bond the dusts, and water is added to prepare green pellets incorporated with the carbonaceous material. Then, dry pellets prepared by drying the thus prepared green pellets into a reduction furnace, the dry pellets are heated by heat transfer, mainly, radiation such that a temperature elevation rate is from 3 to 13.degree. C./sec within a temperature range from 150 to 900.degree. C. of the pellets, thereby reducing Zn oxide and evaporating Zn, as well as reducing iron oxide to produce reduced iron pellets.

Abstract: Iron oxide agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material having a particle size within a range of about 10 to 30 nm are prepared upon production of reduced iron agglomerates. Then, the iron oxides agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material were laid thinly at a laying density of less than 1.4 kg/m.sup.2 /mm or lower on a hearth of a moving hearth furnace. Subsequently, the iron oxide agglomerates are heated rapidly such that the surface temperature of the iron oxide agglomerates reaches 1200.degree. C. or higher within one-third of the retention period of time of the iron oxide agglomerates in the moving hearth furnace. Then, the iron oxide agglomerates are reduced till the metallization ratio thereof reaches 85% or higher to form reduced iron agglomerates and then the reduced iron agglomerates are discharged out of the moving hearth furnace. With the procedures, reduced iron agglomerates of a high average quality can be obtained at a high productivity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an inexpensive catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides effectively from an exhaust gas by either catalytic reduction or catalytic decomposition, and a process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas by the aid of said catalyst. The invention will eliminate the disadvantages--high material cost and complex process for catalyst preparation--involved in the conventional technology. The catalyst contains as the major constituent a multiple oxide of the CaO--Fe.sub.x O type containing 5-50 wt % CaO, said catalyst reducing or decomposing nitrogen oxides. The process is designed for denitration of nitrogen oxides by the aid of said catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an inexpensive catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides effectively from an exhaust gas by either catalytic reduction or catalytic decomposition, and a process for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas by the aid of said catalyst. The invention will eliminate the disadvantages--high material cost and complex process for catalyst preparation--involved in the conventional technology. The catalyst contains as the major constituent a multiple oxide of the CaO-Fe.sub.x O type containing 5-50 wt % CaO, said catalyst reducing or decomposing nitrogen oxides. The process is designed for denitration of nitrogen oxides by the aid of said catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a self-fluxing pellet to be charged into blast furnace, the pellets containing open pores of diameters larger than 5 .mu.m in an amount greater than 0.045 cm.sup.3 /g. Calcium.ferrite structures with a thickness of 100 .mu.m or greater exist around pores of diameters larger than 5 .mu.m including the open pores. The self-fluxing pellets as a whole has a CaO/SiO.sub.2 value higher than 0.8. For forming the self-fluxing pellets, at least one of coarse dolomite and limestone having a particle size of 44 .mu.m-1 mm is added as a pellet material to powdery iron ore. The green pellet formed from the resulting powdery mixture are sintered at a temperature of 1220.degree. C.-1300.degree. C. to have a CaO/SiO.sub.2 value higher than 0.8 after sintering.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets containing coarse ore particles, having a particle size distribution consisting of 25-40 wt % of coarse ore having a particle size greater than 0.1 mm, less than 21 wt % of medium ore having a particle size of 0.1-0.04 mm, and more than 39 wt % of fine ore having a particle size smaller than 0.04 mm.

Abstract: Fired iron-ore pellets are prepared which have at least two precipitated slag phases of different chemical compositions which appear among the iron-oxide grains of the pellets. The pellets each contain not less than 4% by weight of CaO+SiO.sub.2 so that the resulting pellets have the characteristic of forming large cracks which are formed in the course of reduction of the pellets. The cracks which form cause each pellet to split into several pieces. The fired iron-ore pellets exhibit excellent reducibility.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets having superior reduction and load softening properties in blast furnace operations. The pellets are prepared from a raw material to which is added an amount of magnesia or a MgO feeding source such as that the ratio of MgO to the SiO.sub.2 content of the raw material is at least about 0.5 and the CaO content in the raw material is adjusted so that the ratio CaO/SiO.sub.2 is less than about 0.05.