Abstract: The present disclosure provides a modified promoter with which the amount of expression of a protein-coding gene can be controlled with flexibility. The modified promoter according to the present disclosure is a modified promoter including a base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) located upstream of a start codon of a slr1841 gene, the base sequence consisting of 348 bases, or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the base sequence being modified by at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) replacement of one or more bases included in the base sequence with another base, (ii) deletion of one or more bases included in the base sequence, and (iii) insertion of one or more bases into the base sequence.

Abstract: A method for determining outer membrane detachment in cyanobacteria includes measuring fluorescence upon irradiation of a culture supernatant of cyanobacteria with excitation light, and determining, based on a wavelength range of the measured fluorescence, whether or not outer membranes of the cyanobacteria have been detached from cell walls.

Abstract: An electron carrier includes a modified cyanobacterium in which at least: (i) a total amount of a protein involved in binding between an outer membrane and a cell wall of cyanobacterium is suppressed to at least 30 percent and at most 70 percent of a total amount of the protein in a parent strain; or (ii) an organic channel protein which improves protein permeability of the outer membrane is expressed. The modified cyanobacterium performs at least one of supplying electrons to an outside or taking in electrons from the outside.

Abstract: An electron carrier includes a modified cyanobacterium in which at least: (i) a function of a protein involved in binding between an outer membrane and a cell wall of cyanobacterium is suppressed or lost; or (ii) a channel protein which improves protein permeability of the outer membrane is expressed. The modified cyanobacterium performs at least one of supplying electrons to an outside or taking in electrons from the outside.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reducing carbon dioxide electrochemically to generate ethylene selectively. In the present method, a carbon dioxide reduction catalyst comprising a crystalline copper phthalocyanine is used to generate ethylene selectively by reducing carbon dioxide electrochemically on a cathode electrode.