Abstract: There are no drugs or food medicines that can prevent or ameliorate, among side effects caused by drugs, particularly peripheral neuropathy that is caused by anticancer drugs such as oxaliplatin. An agent for preventing or ameliorating peripheral neuropathy including at least one selected from xylitol, L-talitol, and D-threitol as an active ingredient can ameliorate tingling limbs, limb pain, decreased deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, allodynia, hyperalgesia, hand fine motor skill disability, gait disturbance, stumbling, falling, flexion impairment (difficulty or inability to sit on one's knees, cross-legged, sideways, in a chair, etc.), limb paralysis, or the like, induced by drugs such as anticancer drugs or diabetes.