Abstract: An outer surface of a tire can include a tread surface and a pair of side surfaces. A contour line of the tread surface can include a center arc, a pair of middle arcs, a pair of side arcs, and a pair of shoulder arcs. A contour line of each side surface can be connected to the shoulder arc. A position, on the outer surface, corresponding to a ground-contact end obtained by applying a load that is 80% of a standardized load, to the tire in a standardized state, and bringing the tire into contact with a flat surface is a reference ground-contact position, and a boundary between the shoulder arc and the side arc is a reference boundary. The reference boundary can be located axially outward of the reference ground-contact position. A ratio of a distance in an axial direction from an equator plane to the reference boundary to a distance in the axial direction from the equator plane to a tread reference end TE can be not less than 0.94 and not greater than 0.98.

Abstract: A method for estimating wear of each of circumferential tread zones of a tire by the use of a computer is disclosed. A tire model of the tire comprising model's circumferential tread zones is defined. A simulation for running the tire model under rolling conditions for free-rolling, braking, driving and cornering is performed to obtain a first average wear energy of each model's circumferential tread zone under each rolling condition. With respect to a given running pattern of the tire, occurrence frequencies of the respective rolling conditions occurring in the running pattern are defined.

Abstract: A method for estimating wear of each of circumferential tread zones of a tire by the use of a computer is disclosed. A tire model of the tire comprising model's circumferential tread zones is defined. A simulation for running the tire model under rolling conditions for free-rolling, braking, driving and cornering is performed to obtain a first average wear energy of each model's circumferential tread zone under each rolling condition. With respect to a given running pattern of the tire, occurrence frequencies of the respective rolling conditions occurring in the running pattern are defined.