Abstract: Four models of apparatuses and their variants are presented. All of them have multiple reservoir cells, a pump, a pump controller, one or more batteries on a flexible pad so that the apparatuses can be adhesive to the user's skin as a big and thick Band-Aid. The user will feel comfortable when he or she bends his to her body. The first model, each reservoir cell contains a medicine bag that contains the medicine. The rest space of the reservoir cells contains the air. Pumping the air into the reservoir cells will press out the medicine from the medicine bags into the user's body. The second model, each reservoir cell contains the medicine and an air bag. Pumping air into the air bags will press out the medicine from the reservoir cells into the user's body. The third model is similar with the second one where the medicine is drawn from the reservoir cells and pressed into the user's body.

Abstract: A number of elemental motors or the like are installed on a surface. Their movement is transferred to the actuator to drive the load. The elemental motors or the like can be as thin as desired. The number of the elemental motors or the like can be large to have desired power. Hence, the invented motor can be very thin With position detector, the actuator of the thin motor can make desired movement at desired moments of time. Installing a thin or small reservoir on the same surface to have the actuator drive the plunger of the reservoir, the pump can be thin and can deliver desired amount of liquid at desired moments of time. For medical application, the output medication is delivered into the user's body.

Abstract: The medicine reservoir contains medicine and a bag and may have flat or any other shape. A user programmable controller controls a pump on when and how much air or any kind of fluid is pumped into the bag. The bag then presses the same volume of medicine out of the reservoir into the user's body at approximately the same time. Pumping air requires little power so that the pump and the batteries have small weight and size. Hence, the apparatus is light, small, and flat to be attached to the user. The user feels like to use a large Band-Aid.

Abstract: Four models of apparatuses and their variants are presented. All of them have multiple reservoir cells, a pump, a pump controller, one or more batteries on a flexible pad so that the apparatuses can be adhesive to the user's skin as a big and thick Band-Aid. The user will feel comfortable when he or she bends his or her body. The first model, each reservoir cell contains a medicine bag that contains the medicine. The rest space of the reservoir cells contains the air. Pumping the air into the reservoir cells will press out the medicine from the medicine bags into the user's body. The second model, each reservoir cell contains the medicine and an air bag. Pumping air into the air bags will press out the medicine from the reservoir cells into the user's body. The third model is similar with the second one where the medicine is drawn from the reservoir cells and pressed into the user's body.

Abstract: Each train detects its location, velocity, and the time it will spend to pass the next bifurcation, joint, and intersection, respectively, and sends the information periodically to the trains that are or will be behind the train. The controller of each bifurcation, joint, and intersection, respectively, having mechanical movement sends the connection status of the track to the trains about to pass it. Then, receiving a message, a train can determine if it may hit its front train if its front train stops abruptly and if it may pass the bifurcation, the joint, and the intersection, respectively, before the track there has been connected for it. If yes, the train decelerates to stop to avoid possible disasters. So that the distance between every two consecutive trains can be minimized and different kinds of trains may share the same railroad. Hence, some railroads may be saved.