Abstract: Leakage in a heat exchanger between two liquids which are in indirect heat exchange relationship is detected by marking one of the two liquids with a colorless chemical marker and detecting it in the second liquid by extraction and conversion to a colored material. The heat exchanger liquids are preferably organic liquids which are immiscible with water. The marker is detected in a heat exchanger liquid by extraction of the marker followed by chemical conversion of the marker to a colored material that can be detected visually. Aminoalkylnaphthalenes are suitable markers which can be extracted by an acidic aqueous solution and converted to a colored material by reaction with a diazotized aromatic amine. Phenylazoalkylphenol derivatives are also suitable markers which can be extracted and simultaneously converted to a colored material with a detection reagent which is comprised of water and a water-soluble amine.

Abstract: A process for measuring and treating oil-water stable emulsions derived from crude oil desalters is provided. Emulsion volume is measured, the emulsion is withdrawn, blended with aromatic-rich hydrocarbon, heated and three phases--water, oil and solids--are separated by exposure to a force of at least 500 g.

Abstract: An improved delayed coking process is described in which sludge and oxygen contact hot coke during the quench cycle at conditions which cause at least a portion of the organics contained in the sludge to oxidize. Preferably, a portion of the sludge is combusted and the heat generated is used to help remove, during the quench cycle, entrapped liquids contained in the coke bed and to enhance thermal conversion of hazardous materials contained in the sludge to less harmful materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for sludge addition to a coking zone in which the sludge is contacted with oxygen. The sludge is then contacted with feed, liquid derived from the feed, or vapor derived from the feed. Oxygen also contacts the feed, liquid derived from the feed, or vapor derived from the feed to help maintain reaction temperature in the coking zone.

Abstract: A method and a system for separating solids from a solids-containing liquid feed is disclosed wherein ultrasonic energy is applied to a fouled separation element in situ in the separator unit associated with the element while the element is immersed in a liquid to effect removal therefrom of solids fouling the elements and wherein the separation element is backflushed with a backflush liquid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed wherein at least two separate gaseous oxygen streams are passed into a coker transfer line to effect oxidation of a portion of the feed passing through the transfer line. Another aspect of the process is disclosed wherein gaseous oxygen is passed into a coking process and sludge is also passed into the coking process.

Abstract: An improved delayed coking process using an improved method for adding antifoam materials to the delayed coking process. The process is directed to injecting a polysiloxane antifoam material in mixture with an inert gas in the absence or substantial absence of steam and wherein this mixture is heated and thereafter injected into a delayed coking drum. The process allows improved use of antifoam materials and prevents downstream contamination of process units with silica materials which can be broken down when the polysiloxane antifoam material is contacted with large quantities of steam within the coking drum.

Abstract: An improved coking process is described wherein a feedstock comprising residual oil is passed into a coking zone along with a highly aromatic oil such as pyrolysis tars or a decanted oil produced from a fluidized catalytic cracking zone in a concentration resulting in the feedstock having froma bout 5 to about 20 percent by weight of highly aromatic oil. The yield of coke is thereby reduced.

Abstract: Arsenic can be continuously removed from shale oil by passing the shale oil through a first guard bed containing catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil, until the desired amount of arsenic is removed. The flow of the shale oil is thereafter directed to a second guard bed containing another or similar catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil. Concurrently, the spent catalyst in the first bed is regenerated in situ so that continuous upgrading of the shale oil is achieved.

Abstract: Arsenic can be continuously removed from shale oil by passing the shale oil through a first guard bed containing catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil, until the desired amount of arsenic is removed. The flow of the shale oil is thereafter directed to an intercommunicating second guard bed containing another or similar catalyst capable of substantially reducing the arsenic content of the oil. Concurrently, the spent catalyst in the first bed is regenerated in situ so that continuous upgrading of the shale oil is achieved.

Abstract: An automatic sharpness control circuit for a color television receiver, wherein a filter having a variable filtering characteristic establishes the peaking of the frequencies forming the video signal, includes a varactor diode as the control element for the variable characteristic filter. The automatic gain control signal establishes the bias condition of the varactor diode so that the extent of peaking in the frequencies forming the video signal is automatically reduced as the strength of the video signal decreases. Accordingly, a balancing effect is created between desirable picture sharpness and the degrading effect of accentuated picture noise.