Abstract: A hybrid plant and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. When a gasification unit in the hybrid plant is operating at reduced capacity or is not operational, oxygen that would have been used in the gasification unit is diverted to a light fossil fuel conversion unit containing an autothermal reformer to increase H2-rich syngas flow to a liquid fuel production unit and maintain liquid fuel production at near nameplate capacity.

Abstract: A combined gasification and electric power generation method wherein between 30.0 and 60.0 percent of the compressed air required by an air separation unit supplying oxygen to a gasifier and nitrogen to gas turbine(s) is extracted from a compressor of the gas turbine(s). An installation, including the gas turbine(s), the air separation unit, a gasifier and a gas conditioning system for producing gas turbine fuel, has a design point of ambient temperature and pressure and net power output for producing the electric power required by a captive user. The gas turbine(s), at the design point, have a capacity to compress air from the compressor thereof, at a rate between 4.8 and 6.0 times the total molar flow rate of air required by the air separation unit and the compressor of the gas turbine(s) is operated at no less than 90.0 percent of its capacity at the design point.

Abstract: In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A system for supplying a reagent to multiple tools in an electronics fabrication facility is configured using a demand probability distribution. In specific examples the reagent is a non-atmospheric or a specialty gas and the demand probability distribution is developed using Monte Carlo statistical techniques. In one embodiment, a method for configuring a reagent supply system for an electronic device manufacturing facility is provided. The method includes (a) collecting representative information for process tools within the fabrication facility which use the reagent; (b) creating a simulation of process tool operation to model an overall demand profile for the process tools; (c) creating a statistical probability distribution of the reagent demand by the process tools using data from the model; and (d) correlating data from the probability distribution with supply system characterization data to configure the supply system.

Abstract: In the production of fuel such as ethanol from carbonaceous feed material such as biomass, a stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is added to the raw gas stream derived from the feed material, and the resulting combined stream is converted into fuel and a gaseous byproduct such as by a Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The gaseous byproduct may be utilized in the formation of the aforementioned stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for reliable ultra-high purity (UHP) helium gas supply and maintaining dedicated onsite inventory. Specifically, the invention employs multiple ISO containers whereby vaporized UHP helium in the standby ISO container(s) is used to build-up pressure in the online ISO container. The thermal shields of the ISO containers can be used to decrease heat leaks into the backup ISO container thereby decreasing helium vaporation rate and the amount of gas needed to be withdrawn in order to maintain the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of the vessel. An even lower supply rate is possible by drawing UHP helium gas using an economizer valve but maintaining liquid in the ISO container. This makes it possible to efficiently manage the supply rate, from low flows to higher flow requirements, and to optimize UHP helium draw rate from the storage vessels.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: A system for supplying a reagent to multiple tools in an electronics fabrication facility is configured using a demand probability distribution. In specific examples the reagent is a non-atmospheric or a specialty gas and the demand probability distribution is developed using Monte Carlo statistical techniques.

Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery devices disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a thermally conductive non-adhesive layer disposed therebetween to the gaps and provide substantially uniform energy to the transport vessel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is recovered in concentrated form from a gas feed stream also containing oxygen by absorbing carbon dioxide and oxygen into an amine solution that also contains another organic component, removing oxygen, and recovering carbon dioxide from the absorbent.

Abstract: A gaseous product stream having a predetermined carbon dioxide content of 10-95 mol. % is produced from a gaseous feed stream containing 3-20 mol. % carbon dioxide by converting a portion of the feed stream to a purified stream containing 95-99.9 mol. % (dry basis) carbon dioxide and adding the purified stream to the remaining portion of the feed stream. Alternately, a portion of the purified stream is stored and added subsequently in response to fluctuating demand for the product stream.

Abstract: Alkanolamine absorbent solution useful in recovering carbon dioxide from feed gas streams is reclaimed by subjecting it to vaporization in two or more stages under decreasing pressures.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for manufacturing a low vapor pressure vapor stream lean in low volatility contaminants, and delivering same to a point of use. The system provides a transport vessel having a liquid phase or two-phase fluid held therein. The liquid and/or two-phase is transferred from said transport vessel to a vaporization vessel, wherein at least part of the liquid is vaporized. A liquid stream that is enriched in low volatility contaminants is withdrawn from the vaporization vessel, and a stream that is lean in low volatility contaminants is withdrawn from the vaporization vessel. The low vapor pressure stream is delivered to a point of use and the purity is maintained within a desired range.

Abstract: A system for recovering absorbate such as carbon dioxide from an oxygen containing mixture wherein carbon dioxide is concentrated in an alkanolamine containing absorption fluid, oxygen is separated from the absorption fluid, the resulting fluid is heated, and carbon dioxide is steam stripped from the absorption fluid and recovered.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is recovered from a feed stream whose pressure is up to 30 psia by preferentially absorbing carbon dioxide from said feed stream into a liquid absorbent fluid, pressurizing and heating the resulting stream to a pressure sufficient to enable the stream to reach the top of the stripper at a pressure of 35 psia or greater, and stripping carbon dioxide from said stream in a stripper operating at a pressure of 35 psia or greater and recovering from said stripper a gaseous carbon dioxide product stream having a pressure of 35 psia or greater.

Abstract: Disclosed is process for recovering carbon dioxide, comprising (A) providing a gaseous feed stream comprising carbon dioxide, wherein the pressure of said feed stream is up to 30 psia; (B) preferentially absorbing carbon dioxide from said feed stream into a liquid absorbent fluid to form a carbon dioxide enriched liquid absorbent stream; (C) in any sequence or simultaneously, pressurizing said carbon dioxide enriched liquid absorbent stream to a pressure sufficient to enable the stream to reach the top of the stripper at a pressure of 35 psia or greater, and heating the carbon dioxide enriched liquid absorbent stream to obtain a heated carbon dioxide enriched liquid absorbent stream; and (D) stripping carbon dioxide from said carbon dioxide enriched liquid absorbent stream in a stripper operating at a pressure of 35 psia or greater and recovering from said stripper a gaseous carbon dioxide product stream having a pressure of 35 psia or greater.

Abstract: A system for recovering absorbate such as carbon dioxide from an oxygen containing mixture wherein carbon dioxide is concentrated in an alkanolamine containing absorption fluid, oxygen is separated from the absorption fluid, the resulting fluid is heated, and carbon dioxide is steam stripped from the absorption fluid and recovered.