Abstract: Among other things, the present disclosure relates to re-purposing used lithium-ion batteries. The present disclosure includes treating an electrode using a solvent prior to electrochemically relithiating the electrode. In some embodiments, the relithiation may be done using a roll-to-roll device, wherein the electrode may be secured on a first pin and a second pin, then it may be unwound and submerged in an electrolyte solution. Lithium ions may be inserted into the electrode using a voltage. The layer of lithium may provide lithium ions to the electrode.

Abstract: An atmospheric microplasma process is used to synthesize cathode particles in less than approximately one second. A hollow-tube reactor may be used to create cathode particles that are in the range of approximately 0.1 ?m to approximately 3 ?m in diameter, are at least partially crystalline, and show redox behavior expected of a transition metal oxide cathode material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to mitigation strategies to limit particle fracture and surface degradation caused by air instability. Some embodiments include cobalt-free nickel-rich NMA (LiNi0.9Mn0.5Al0.05O2) being ball-milled to effectively “pre-crack” the secondary particles into their primary constituents or single crystallites. These NMA particles may be coated with lithium phosphate and/or phosphoric acid. After approximately 100 cycles, these pulverized NMA particles showed delay voltage decay and approximately double the discharge capacity compared to traditional pristine NMA cathode materials during high-voltage cycling.

Abstract: Among other things, the present disclosure relates to re-purposing used lithium-ion batteries. The present disclosure includes treating an electrode using a solvent prior to electrochemically relithiating the electrode. In some embodiments, the relithiation may be done using a roll-to-roll device, wherein the electrode may be secured on a first pin and a second pin, then it may be unwound and submerged in an electrolyte solution. Lithium ions may be inserted into the electrode using a voltage. The layer of lithium may provide lithium ions to the electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes bridged bicyclic compounds and other non-flat organic molecules that have the ability to solvate lithium salts in higher concentrations without significant changes to the electrolyte viscosity which assists in improving the fast charge capability of lithium-ion cells. Using non-flat polar molecules may enable higher solubility of the salts while minimizing viscosity changes to the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the fused bicyclic compound is 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbonitrile (BHCN).

Abstract: Among other things, the present disclosure relates to re-purposing used lithium-ion batteries. The present disclosure includes treating an electrode using a solvent prior to electrochemically relithiating the electrode. In some embodiments, the relithiation may be done using a roll-to-roll device, wherein the electrode may be secured on a first pin and a second pin, then it may be unwound and submerged in an electrolyte solution. Lithium ions may be inserted into the electrode using a voltage. The layer of lithium may provide lithium ions to the electrode.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is an electrochemical device that includes a first electrode, an ion reservoir electronically connected to the electrode by a first circuit, an electrolyte positioned between the first electrode and the ion reservoir and ionically connecting the first electrode and the ion reservoir, and a regulating element, where the regulating element is positioned between the first electrode and the ion reservoir, the regulating element electronically and/or ionically connects the ion reservoir and the first electrode, and the regulating element limits the transfer of at least one of electrons and/or ions between the ion reservoir and the first electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a calorimeter device and an electrochemical system analysis method. The device includes a first thermo-electric gauge (TEG) and a first conductor thermally coupled to the first TEG, the first conductor comprising a first surface. The device may also include a second conductor with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface, thereby forming a gap. The device may also include a second TEG thermally coupled to the second conductor and an adjustment mechanism attached to the second TEG, operable to modify a size of the gap between the first surface and the second surface. The method includes applying a plurality of electrical signals across an electrochemical system, determining, using a calorimeter, at least one rate at which heat is generated by the system, and determining at least one thermal characteristic of a component of the system.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is an electrochemical device that includes a first electrode, an ion reservoir electronically connected to the electrode by a first circuit, an electrolyte positioned between the first electrode and the ion reservoir and ionically connecting the first electrode and the ion reservoir, and a regulating element, where the regulating element is positioned between the first electrode and the ion reservoir, the regulating element electronically and/or ionically connects the ion reservoir and the first electrode, and the regulating element limits the transfer of at least one of electrons and/or ions between the ion reservoir and the first electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a calorimeter device and an electrochemical system analysis method. The device includes a first thermo-electric gauge (TEG) and a first conductor thermally coupled to the first TEG, the first conductor comprising a first surface. The device may also include a second conductor with a second surface, the second surface facing the first surface, thereby forming a gap. The device may also include a second TEG thermally coupled to the second conductor and an adjustment mechanism attached to the second TEG, operable to modify a size of the gap between the first surface and the second surface. The method includes applying a plurality of electrical signals across an electrochemical system, determining, using a calorimeter, at least one rate at which heat is generated by the system, and determining at least one thermal characteristic of a component of the system.