Abstract: A superhydrophobic appliance is an elastomeric material with a surface having a multiplicity of re-entrant features. The elastomeric material can be a polydimethylsiloxane network. The superhydrophobic appliance can be formed by infusing a portion of a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric precursor partially into the pores of a porous membrane, curing to the polymeric network, and separating the membrane from the appliance to expose the superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface can be subsequently modified to form a fluorinated surface that is oleophobic or superoleophobic in addition to being superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic appliance is an elastomeric material with a surface having a multiplicity of re-entrant features. The elastomeric material can be a polydimethylsiloxane network. The superhydrophobic appliance can be formed by infusing a portion of a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric precursor partially into the pores of a porous membrane, curing to the polymeric network, and separating the membrane from the appliance to expose the superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface can be subsequently modified to form a fluorinated surface that is oleophobic or superoleophobic in addition to being superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic surface can be formed by contacting an article with a suspension of fluorinated boehmite particles to leave a film of the fluorinated boehmite particles after removal of the suspending fluid. The film can be transparent or the film can be translucent or opaque. When the film is translucent or opaque, the film can render the surface superoleophobic.

Abstract: An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic surface can be formed by contacting an article with a suspension of fluorinated boehmite particles to leave a film of the fluorinated boehmite particles after removal of the suspending fluid. The film can be transparent or the film can be translucent or opaque. When the film is translucent or opaque, the film can render the surface superoleophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic appliance is an elastomeric material with a surface having a multiplicity of re-entrant features. The elastomeric material can be a polydimethylsiloxane network. The superhydrophobic appliance can be formed by infusing a portion of a polydimethylsiloxane polymeric precursor partially into the pores of a porous membrane, curing to the polymeric network, and separating the membrane from the appliance to expose the superhydrophobic surface. The superhydrophobic surface can be subsequently modified to form a fluorinated surface that is oleophobic or superoleophobic in addition to being superhydrophobic.

Abstract: A superhydrophobic and oleophobic thermoplastic article has a surface with a multiplicity of re-entrant structures extending from the article's surface where a conformal coating comprising a perfluoroalkane covers at least the distal portion of the re-entrant structures. The thermoplastic article can be prepared by contacting a heated thermoplastic and a mold with voids with a sufficient pressure to cause the thermoplastic to extend into the voids to form features that upon removal of the mold results in re-entrant structures. The surface having the re-entrant structures is conformally coated with a compound comprising a perfluoroalkane. Alternately microparticles or nanoparticles and a resin can be deposited on substrate and cured to adhere or mechanically fix the particles where a portion thereof forms re-entrant structures.

Abstract: A thermoplastic article has a surface with a multiplicity of re-entrant structures extending from the article's surface where a conformal coating comprising a perfluoroalkane covers at least the distal portion of the re-entrant structures to render the article superhydrophobic and oleophobic. A method to prepare the article having a superhydrophobic and oleophobic surface comprises contacting a heated thermoplastic and a mold with voids having at least one dimension of 100 nm to 10 ?m with a sufficient pressure to cause the thermoplastic to extend into the voids to form features that upon removal of the mold from the thermoplastic article results in re-entrant structures having at least one dimension of 100 nm to 5 ?m. The surface having the re-entrant structures is conformally coated with a compound comprising a perfluoroalkane.