Abstract: A method of correcting a GPS vehicle trajectory of a vehicle on a roadway for a high-definition map is provided. The method comprises receiving first bitmap data from a first sensor of a first vehicle to create a plurality of first multi-layer bitmaps for the first vehicle using the first bitmap data and receiving second bitmap data from a plurality of second sensors of a plurality of second vehicles to create a plurality of second multi-layer bitmaps. The method further comprises creating first probability density bitmaps and an overall probability density bitmap with a probability density estimation, and matching an image template from each of the first probability density bitmaps with the overall probability density bitmap to define match results. The method further comprises combining the match results to define combined utility values and determining the maximal utility value with the combined utility values.

Abstract: A global positioning system (GPS)-bias detection and reduction system including a GPS-bias model having GPS statistical data creating a database representing data collected from a vehicle group having thousands or multiple thousands of vehicles saved in a database. At least one newly collected vehicle GPS data point is compared to the GPS statistical data to reduce negative effects of GPS-bias and to update the vehicle GPS-bias correction based on a previous GPS-bias model. A selected road node and a segment of a roadway have a map matching performed using a nearest service from a collection location of the GPS statistical data. A GPS-bias is calculated using a look-up of the database. An estimated horizontal position error (EHPE) defining a quality indicator is applied to distinguish a good quality GPS statistical data from a poor quality GPS statistical data.

Abstract: A method of creating a high-definition (HD) map of a roadway includes receiving a multi-layer probability density bitmap. The multi-layer probability density bitmap represents a plurality of lane lines of the roadway sensed by a plurality of sensors of a plurality of vehicles. The multi-layer probability density bitmap includes a plurality of points. The method further includes recursively conducting a hill climbing search using the multi-layer probability density bitmap to create a plurality of lines. In addition, the method includes creating the HD map of the roadway using the plurality of lines determined by the hill climbing search.

Abstract: A method includes receiving sensor data from a plurality of sensors of a plurality of vehicles. The sensor data includes vehicle GPS data and sensed lane line data of the roadway. The method further includes creating a plurality of multi-layer bitmaps for each of the plurality of vehicles using the sensor data, fusing the plurality of the multi-layer bitmaps of each of the plurality of vehicles to create a fused multi-layer bitmap, creating a plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps using the fused multi-layer bitmap, extracting lane line data from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps, and creating the high-definition (HD) map of the roadway using the multi-layer probability density bitmaps and the lane line data extracted from the plurality of multi-layer probability density bitmaps.

Abstract: An oversized Inside Diameter of damper steel hub will prevent the damper outer housing to disintegrate and fly out form the hub which is mounted on the crankshaft snort as a solid piece The invention of this explosion proof steel harmonic damper is designed to have a larger outside diameter of damper steel hub mounted with a smaller inside diameter of steel outer housing with sulfated elastic rubber inserted into an “S” shape gap between hub and housing under heated and pressed process. In an event, if the elastic sulfated rubber has lost binding character due to constantly expose to high heat of high engine RPM, or by any unexpected external force to destroy the integrity of this steel harmonic damper unit, the smaller steel outer housing has no access to separate and blow out from the hub to cause further damage by the blown out steel housing. This invention is a true Explosion Proof Steel Harmonic Damper.

Abstract: A nodular iron inertia ring surrounding with heavy viscosity silicone fluid is designed and installed in the engine serpentine pulley system to absorb rotation vibration during engine operation. The sealed silicone fluid and inertia ring will not deteriorate or deform from high heat generated from engine high RPM and will extend the usage life forever. At present market, an elastic rubber is commonly installed on the pulley system. This elastic rubber will become harden and loss binding characters under constant high heat generated from engine.

Abstract: A recess with 0.25? deep on all cross frames between main bolt holes is invented by the undersigned and machined during production for allowing establish and maintain an air gap between main cap top and cross frames of main girdle. This air gap is very important for avoiding directly cylinder explosion impact force transmitted from main cap top to main girdle instead of through main bolts to main cap girdle. The present design is using insertion of heavier washers under main girdle to build the air gap. However, the heavier washers have potential to build up concentrated stress spot.