Abstract: A substrate has a base, an intermediate layer, a conductive layer, and conductive films. The base is a ceramic insulator. The intermediate layer is on a main surface of the base. The conductive layer is on the intermediate layer. The conductive films are on the conductive layer, covering an exposed portion of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A predetermined pattern of thick film, made of a material sintering-resistant at 1000° C. or lower, is screen printed on both surfaces of a green sheet to form constraint layers. The constraint layer has non-print regions in areas where via contacts are to be formed, where the constraint layer is removed in circles having a diameter of about 250 ?m. Subsequently, via holes are formed in the green sheet and the contact holes are filled with a conductor paste by screen printing to form via contacts. Then a stack of such green sheets is pressed and integrated with a hydrostatic press device to obtain a green body. Next the green body is fired at lower temperature to obtain a low-temperature co-firable ceramic multilayer substrate.

Abstract: A substrate has a base, an intermediate layer a conductive layer, and conductive films. The base is a ceramic insulator. The intermediate layer on a main surface of the base. The conductive layer is on the intermediate layer The conductive films are on the conductive layer, covering an exposed portion of the conductive layer.

Abstract: A tread unit of a passenger conveyor includes: a tread, a tread reinforcing member and a riser which are made of fiber reinforced plastic made by knitting fibers together. The surfaces of the cleat portions of the tread and the riser are provided with surface treated layers in which the wear resistance and coefficient of friction are controlled. As a result of this construction, the aesthetic design of the tread unit and of the passenger conveyor system can be improved. In addition, the reduced weight of the tread unit contributes to labor-saving at the time of mounting, and a passenger conveyor system using these tread units can be reduced in size and weight as a whole.

Abstract: To manufacture a steering wheel rim, a sleeve 21 is formed by a braiding machine 12 by interlacing and braiding unidirectional fibers 10. A coil-shaped lightweight core 9 is then inserted by a covering apparatus 14 into the braided sleeve, and core rings are cut out from the coil. The ends of the cut rings are butted to form the rims, and after being joined with a spoke 2 are placed in a mold 31, where an outer molded layer 11 is formed by injecting a thermosetting resin into the mold and heat curing it.