Abstract: An optical lens includes a barrel and a protruding boss unit. The barrel defines a receiving space in which a plurality of components are disposed and arranged along an axis, and includes a front wall. Each of the front wall and the components has front and rear confronting surfaces opposite to each other along the axis. The protruding boss unit is formed on and protrudes from one of the adjacent two front and rear confronting surfaces, and abuts against the other one of the adjacent two front and rear confronting surfaces. The other one of the front and rear confronting surfaces abutted by the boss unit is flat.

Abstract: A model library contains one or more storable models of a physical system each constructed by numerically solving relationships between a characteristic of the physical system given a set of model parameters. Such a model may be retrieved from the library according to values assigned to the model parameters and used to determine a corresponding characteristic of the physical system without repeating the numerical solution method originally used to create the model. Instead, a mapping may be applied to the storable model to seamlessly obtain the characteristic upon request.

Abstract: A model library contains one or more storable models of a physical system each constructed by numerically solving relationships between a characteristic of the physical system given a set of model parameters. Such a model may be retrieved from the library according to values assigned to the model parameters and used to determine a corresponding characteristic of the physical system without repeating the numerical solution method originally used to create the model. Instead, a mapping may be applied to the storable model to seamlessly obtain the characteristic upon request.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for generating S-parameters. In some embodiments, the methods and systems comprise creating (e.g., extracting, calculating, generating), in part or whole into the development environment, S-parameters of the given netlist, which may be represented in part or whole by S-parameters. This is useful in data abstraction, topology complexity reduction, or data hiding. Some embodiments provide convenient and automated approaches for what is normally a complicated and laborious process. Some embodiments provide the ability to generate S-parameters for the specified part or whole topology netlist. Ports can be specified at any node in the topology. Non-linear devices, e.g., IBIS buffers, diodes, non-linear terminations, can be automatically excluded from generated S-parameter model. Additionally, adding the device package models is an available option.