Abstract: This invention provides a family of functionalized polymers capable of forming membranes having exceptional OH? ionic conductivity as well as advantageous mechanical properties. The invention also provides membranes including the provided polymers and AEMFC/HEMFC fuel cells including such membranes. In a preferred embodiment, preferred function groups include a quaternary phosphonium, and in a more preferred embodiment the provided polymer is (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine)3 functionalized phosphonium polysulfone hydroxide.

Abstract: This invention provides a family of cation-strung polymers capable of forming membranes having exceptional hydroxide ionic conductivity as well as low water uptake and methods of making the same. The invention also provides for using these cation-strung polymers to manufacture membranes useful in HEMFC fuel cells and other devices such as electrolysis, solar hydrogen generation, redox flow battery, dialysis, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pervaporation, ion exchange, sensor, and gas separation.

Abstract: This invention provides a family of functionalized polymers capable of forming membranes having exceptional OH? ionic conductivity as well as advantageous mechanical properties. The invention also provides membranes including the provided polymers and AEMFC/HEMFC fuel cells including such membranes. In a preferred embodiment, preferred function groups include a quaternary phosphonium, and in a more preferred embodiment the provided polymer is (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine)3 functionalized phosphonium polysulfone hydroxide.

Abstract: A novel design has been invented for redox flow batteries. Different from the single-membrane, double-electrolyte redox flow battery as a basic structure, the design of the present invention involves double-membrane (one cation exchange membrane and one anion exchange membrane), triple-electrolyte (one electrolyte in contact with the negative electrode, one electrolyte in contact with the positive electrode, and one electrolyte positioned between and in contact with the two membranes) as the basic characteristic. The cation exchange membrane is used to separate the negative or positive electrolyte and the middle electrolyte, and the anion exchange membrane is used to separate the middle electrolyte and the positive or negative electrolyte. This particular design physically isolates, but ionically connects, the negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is provided. The redox flow battery involves multiple-membrane (at least one cation exchange membrane and at least one anion exchange membrane), multiple-electrolyte (one electrolyte in contact with the negative electrode, one electrolyte in contact with the positive electrode, and at least one electrolyte disposed between the two membranes) as the basic characteristic, such as a double-membrane, triple electrolyte (DMTE) configuration or a triple-membrane, quadruple electrolyte (TMQE) configuration. The cation exchange membrane is used to separate the negative or positive electrolyte and the middle electrolyte, and the anion exchange membrane is used to separate the middle electrolyte and the positive or negative electrolyte.

Abstract: A family of functionalized polymers is provided capable of forming membranes having exceptional OH? ionic conductivity as well as advantageous mechanical properties, which may be applied to membranes including such polymers for use in, e.g., AEMFC/HEMFC fuel cells. Preferred functional groups include a quaternary phosphonium, and the polymer may specifically be (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine)3 functionalized phosphonium polysulfone hydroxide, ECL-PVBC-QPOH, or QPOH based on any of the commercial polumers including polycarbonate (PC), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), polyetherimine (PEI), poly(ether sulfone) (PES), poly(phenylene sulfoxide) PPS, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), or polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC). An ionomer membrane may include polysulfone based TPQPOH, ECL-PVBC-QPOH, and/or PPO.

Abstract: A family of functionalized polymers is provided capable of forming membranes having exceptional OH? ionic conductivity as well as advantageous mechanical properties, which may be applied to membranes including such polymers for use in, e.g., AEMFC/HEMFC fuel cells. Preferred functional groups include a quaternary phosphonium, and the polymer may specifically be (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine)3 functionalized phosphonium polysulfone hydroxide, ECL-PVBC-QPOH, or QPOH based on any of the commercial polumers including polycarbonate (PC), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), polyetherimine (PEI), poly(ether sulfone) (PES), poly(phenylene sulfoxide) PPS, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), or polybenzimidazole (PBI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC). An ionomer membrane may include polysulfone based TPQPOH, ECL-PVBC-QPOH, and/or PPO.

Abstract: This invention provides a family of functionalized polymers capable of forming membranes having exceptional OH? ionic conductivity as well as advantageous mechanical properties. The invention also provides membranes including the provided polymers and AEMFC/HEMFC fuel cells including such membranes. In a preferred embodiment, preferred function groups include a quaternary phosphonium, and in a more preferred embodiment the provided polymer is (tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphine)3 functionalized phosphonium polysulfone hydroxide.