Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical transformer is provided. A substrate is provided first, wherein the substrate includes a first region and a second region. Then a first material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the first material layer other than in the first region is removed. Then a second material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the second material layer in the first region and the second region is removed. Lastly, a first conductive layer is formed on the substrate and the portion of the first conductive layer other than in the second region is removed to make the first material layer, the second material layer and the first conductive layer have the same height such that the first material layer becomes a part of the optical transformer. The present invention further provides a semiconductor structure.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical transformer is provided. A substrate is provided first, wherein the substrate includes a first region and a second region. Then a first material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the first material layer other than in the first region is removed. Then a second material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the second material layer in the first region and the second region is removed. Lastly, a first conductive layer is formed on the substrate and the portion of the first conductive layer other than in the second region is removed to make the first material layer, the second material layer and the first conductive layer have the same height such that the first material layer becomes a part of the optical transformer. The present invention further provides a semiconductor structure.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical transformer is provided. A substrate is provided first, wherein the substrate includes a first region and a second region. Then a first material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the first material layer other than in the first region is removed. Then a second material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the second material layer in the first region and the second region is removed. Lastly, a first conductive layer is formed on the substrate and the portion of the first conductive layer other than in the second region is removed to make the first material layer, the second material layer and the first conductive layer have the same height such that the first material layer becomes a part of the optical transformer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical transformer is provided. A substrate is provided first, wherein the substrate includes a first region and a second region. Then a first material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the first material layer other than in the first region is removed. Then a second material layer is formed on the substrate, and the portion of the second material in the first region and the second region is removed. Lastly, a first conductive layer is formed on the substrate and the portion of the first conductive layer other than in the second region is removed to make the first material layer, the second material layer and the first conductive layer have the same height such that the first material layer becomes a part of the optical transformer.

Abstract: An anti-reflection layer and method of manufacture. A silicon substrate has a conductive layer formed thereon. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is performed to form a graded silicon oxynitride layer over the conductive layer. During silicon oxynitride deposition, concentration of one of the reactive gases nitrous oxide is gradually reduced so that the graded silicon oxynitride layer is oxygen-rich near bottom but nitrogen-rich near the top.

Abstract: An anti-reflection layer and method of manufacture. A silicon substrate has a conductive layer formed thereon. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is performed to form a graded silicon oxynitride layer over the conductive layer. During silicon oxynitride deposition, concentration of one of the reactive gases nitrous oxide is gradually reduced so that the graded silicon oxynitride layer is oxygen-rich near bottom but nitrogen-rich near the top.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a passivation layer and a liquid crystal display. For the fabrication method, a substrate is provided. An oxide layer, a first silicon nitride layer, a spin-on-glass (SOG) layer, and a second silicon nitride layer are sequentially formed over the substrate. The liquid crystal display has a controller, a dielectric layer, a metal layer, an oxide layer, a first silicon nitride layer, a spin-on-glass layer, and a second silicon nitride layer. The dielectric layer is positioned over the controller. A metal layer is positioned over the dielectric layer. An oxide layer is formed over the metal layer. A first silicon nitride layer is formed over the oxide layer. A spin-on-glass (SOG) layer is formed over the first silicon nitride layer. A second silicon nitride layer is formed over the SOG layer.

Abstract: An anti-reflection layer and method of manufacture. A silicon substrate has a conductive layer formed thereon. Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is performed to form a graded silicon oxynitride layer over the conductive layer. During silicon oxynitride deposition, concentration of one of the reactive gases nitrous oxide is gradually reduced so that the graded silicon oxynitride layer is oxygen-rich near bottom but nitrogen-rich near the top.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an interconnect structure by a dual damascene process is described, in which a first low dielectric constant material is formed on a substrate, followed by forming a gradient silicon oxy-nitride layer on the first low dielectric constant. A second low dielectric constant layer is further formed on the gradient silicon oxy-nitride layer. A trench line is then formed in the second low dielectric constant material using the gradient silicon oxy-nitride layer as an etch-stop, followed by forming a via under the trench line.

Abstract: An improved method for forming inter-metal dielectrics (IMD) over a semiconductor substrate is provided, wherein a conductive line is formed thereon. A first dielectric layer is formed over the conductive line. A second dielectric layer is formed on the first dielectric layer by a spin-on glass method. A curing treatment with an electron beam having a low energy and a high dosage is performed to cure an upper portion of the second dielectric layer so that a cured third dielectric layer is formed on the second dielectric layer. A fourth dielectric layer is formed on the cured third dielectric layer. A chemical-mechanical polishing process is performed using the cured dielectric layer as a stop layer. A cap layer is formed on the fourth dielectric layer.

Abstract: This invention provides a planarization method that solves the microscratch problem caused by chemical-mechanical polishing. This method comprises the following steps: providing a substrate with semiconductor devices, forming a SRO oxide on the substrate, forming a SOG layer on the SRO layer, performing a curing process, performing an implantation process during the curing process, forming an oxide layer on the SRO oxide, and planarizing the oxide layer by CMP. Another SOG layer is formed on the planarized oxide layer, a curing process is performed on the second SOG layer, and a cap oxide layer is formed on the second SOG layer to adjust the thickness of the dielectric layer. This invention can solve conventional problems such as microscratching and metal bridges.