Abstract: A fuel cell system that is capable of handling gasified fuel in an aqueous solution tank includes an aqueous solution tank which holds fuel aqueous solution, a fuel cell including an anode supplied with the fuel aqueous solution from the aqueous solution tank, and a cathode provided with a catalyst containing platinum Pt, an air supplying unit including an air pump and arranged to supply air to the cathode in the fuel cell, and a gas guide arranged to add a gas containing gasified methanol from the aqueous solution tank to the air to be sent to the cathode.

Abstract: A titanium alloy part has a compressive stress of approximately 270 MPa or more within a depth of about 100 ?m from a surface thereof. Since a large compressive stress exists in the area of the surface, the titanium alloy part exhibits a high fatigue strength.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank, all disposed so as to efficiently use the space within the vehicle body, and all protected from external forces by the loading platform receiving frame. A plurality of partition walls separate the at least one battery and the fuel cell from the at least one fuel tank and provide additional protection against external forces to the fuel cell and the at least one fuel tank.

Abstract: A titanium alloy part has a compressive stress of approximately 270 MPa or more within a depth of about 100 ?m from a surface thereof. Since a large compressive stress exists in the area of the surface, the titanium alloy part exhibits a high fatigue strength.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank. A plurality of air intake openings are formed on the vehicle body in front of the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The plurality of air intake openings are configured to receive at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle to cool the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The fuel cell optionally comprises a fan and is optionally disposed in a fuel cell holder having lateral ends that define openings. The fan is configured to draw at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle through the openings on the fuel cell holder to cool the fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell system that is capable of handling gasified fuel in an aqueous solution tank includes an aqueous solution tank which holds fuel aqueous solution, a fuel cell including an anode supplied with the fuel aqueous solution from the aqueous solution tank, and a cathode provided with a catalyst containing platinum Pt, an air supplying unit including an air pump and arranged to supply air to the cathode in the fuel cell, and a gas guide arranged to add a gas containing gasified methanol from the aqueous solution tank to the air to be sent to the cathode.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank. A plurality of air intake openings are formed on the vehicle body in front of the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The plurality of air intake openings are configured to receive at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle to cool the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The fuel cell optionally comprises a fan and is optionally disposed in a fuel cell holder having lateral ends that define openings. The fan is configured to draw at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle through the openings on the fuel cell holder to cool the fuel cell.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank, all disposed so as to efficiently use the space within the vehicle body, and all protected from external forces by the loading platform receiving frame. A plurality of partition walls separate the at least one battery and the fuel cell from the at least one fuel tank and provide additional protection against external forces to the fuel cell and the at least one fuel tank.

Abstract: A valve seat and cylinder head arrangement wherein the valve seat insert is formed from a material having an elongation at rupture of greater than 1 percent so as to facilitate tapered pressing to form a bonded valve seat.

Abstract: A method of forming cylinder heads having bonded valve seat inserts. The method reduces the machining operations necessary to place the insert in place by forming the cylinder head casting with reference surfaces that are employed for determining the pressing axis and location for the valve seat insert.

Abstract: An improved method of metallurgically bonding two dissimilar materials to form, for example, a valve seat for an internal combustion engine. The bonding process is coupled by pressing pressure and the application of heat. The process is controlled so that the temperature of the lower melting point material never exceeds its solidus temperature but is close to it. Plastic deformation occurs in the base material but the base material is not liquefied.

Abstract: A cylinder head assembly for an internal combustion engine having a bonded valve seat. The cylinder head material is chosen as an aluminum alloy that has certain physical and electrical characteristics so as to improve the bonding strength between the cylinder head and the insert which forms in substantial part the valve seat.

Abstract: An improved, light weight tappet and method of manufacturing such a tappet. The tappet is comprised of a light weight sleeve to which a hardened disk is metallurgically bonded.

Abstract: A method of forming a bonded valve seat and testing the resulting bond strength in ensure that the desired characteristics have been achieved. The testing is done both during the bonding process and at the completion of the process.

Abstract: Valve seat-bonding area structures of a cylinder head unit, wherein a valve seat made of a metal different from and harder than that of the cylinder head unit is bonded to a circumference of a valve opening of the cylinder head unit, which structures are characterized in that a second tapered guide surface, which has an open angle larger than that of a first tapered guide surface with respect to an axis of a valve shaft, is formed outward of the first tapered guide surface in order to prevent pitting and cracking of the surfaces during grinding and improve the gas-interchanging efficiency.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a bonded valve seat for a cylinder head wherein the configuration of the insert ring and cylinder head recess is such to ensure good bonding over the entire area and the proper amount of sinking of the insert ring into the cylinder head.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a bonded valve seat for a cylinder head wherein the configuration of the insert ring and cylinder head recess is such to ensure good bonding over the entire area and the proper amount of sinking of the insert ring into the cylinder head. The bonding process for the exhaust valve seats is different from that of the intake valve seats.

Abstract: A cylinder head for a reciprocating machine such as an internal combustion engine wherein the valve seat inserts are metallurgically bonded to the cylinder head. The configuration of the inserts is such as to reduce unit stresses to resist creep deformation during engine operation. A number of embodiments are illustrated and described that achieve this result.

Abstract: A valve seat and cylinder head arrangement wherein the valve seat is formed by a pressing and electrical heating operation to form a bonded valve seat.

Abstract: A method of forming and a cylinder head for a reciprocating machine wherein the valve seat inserts can be formed from relatively small insert rings. The insert rings are fixed in place and are configured so that the end of the passage terminating in the chamber of the machine has substantially no straight sections and progressively increases in diameter toward the chamber which it serves.