Abstract: This electric furnace includes one or more upper electrodes, one or more bottom-blowing tuyeres, a mechanical stirrer equipped with an impeller, and a charging device which injects an iron oxide-containing iron raw material.

Abstract: This electric furnace includes one or more upper electrodes, one or more bottom-blowing tuyeres, a mechanical stirrer equipped with an impeller, and a charging device which injects an iron oxide-containing iron raw material.

Abstract: An original patching up device including a projector which projects a focused image corresponding to an image on an original carrier having a reference side while continuously changing projection magnification, a layout sheet holding arm which holds a block copy layout sheet on a reference side parallel to the reference side of the original carrier and which moves within a plane parallel to a projection surface of the projector, an original holder provided at the other side parallel to the reference side of the layout sheet holding arm, and a mechanism which can hold the transparent sheet on the same plane as the projection surface of the projector to the reference side of the layout sheet holding arm so as to transfer the original on the original carrier onto the transparent sheet keeping a relative angle between the original and an image on the block copy layout sheet.