Abstract: An oil-immersion quenching cooling precursor and an oil-immersion quenching cooling method includes an axle-type workpiece or a workpiece that has sections in an axle form. Several separation rings are arranged on the workpiece in the axial direction to separate the axle-type workpiece or the workpiece that has sections in an axle form into a plurality of sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece. sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: An oil-immersion quenching cooling precursor and an oil-immersion quenching cooling method includes an axle-type workpiece or a workpiece that has sections in an axle form. Several separation rings are arranged on the workpiece in the axial direction to separate the axle-type workpiece or the workpiece that has sections in an axle form into a plurality of sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece. sections before oil-immersion quenching cooling. In the method, there is a cutting procedure before a quenching cooling procedure. Several separation rings distributed in the axial direction are reserved outside a dimension required for the workpiece.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for determining ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in a water body. The method may include (1) screening representative species of a water ecological system in a region; (2) obtaining toxicity data of benzoapyrene; (3) calculating benzoapyrene concentration values HC5 of 95% of species in the protected water ecological system; (4) determining types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants and corresponding environmental concentrations thereof by sampling, and analyzing concentration distribution characteristics of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; (5) calculating ecological risk quotient values RQi of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants; and (6) calculating a total ecological risk quotient value RQt and confirming concrete ecological risks.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for determining ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in sediments of river and lake. The method includes the following steps of: (1) determining concentration levels of heavy metal pollutants at different positions of water body sediments; (2) conducting statistic analysis on distribution characteristics of concentration data of various heavy metal pollutants in the water body sediments; (3) calculating an ecological risk index of a heavy metal pollutant using a formula; (4) calculating a final result of Eri; (5) drawing a distribution curve of Eri values; (6) calculating a total ecological risk comprehensive index HRI caused by various heavy metal pollutants in the evaluated water body, and drawing a cumulative probability distribution curve of HRI values; and (7) analyzing a probability that the total ecological risk comprehensive index HRI of the water body appears at different risk levels with reference to a risk level classification standard.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: A pneumatic door closer includes a rotary energy-storing mechanism including a housing and a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a cylinder, a second piston assembly and a sealing element, the sealing element is in an air tight connection with the cylinder and the second piston assembly, to form a closed space filled with high pressure gas in the cylinder. The second piston assembly drives the closed space into a first air chamber and a second air chamber in communication with each other. The driving mechanism also includes a first piston assembly connected to the second piston assembly. The pneumatic door closer also includes a transmission mechanism having one end received in the housing and another end connected to the door frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for determining ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in sediments of river and lake. The method includes the following steps of: (1) determining concentration levels of heavy metal pollutants at different positions of water body sediments; (2) conducting statistic analysis on distribution characteristics of concentration data of various heavy metal pollutants in the water body sediments; (3) calculating an ecological risk index of a heavy metal pollutant using a formula; (4) calculating a final result of Eri; (5) drawing a distribution curve of Eri values; (6) calcualting a total ecological risk comprehensive index HRI caused by various heavy metal pollutants in the evalulated water body, and drawing a cumulative probability distribution curve of HRI values; and (7) analyzing a probability that the total ecological risk comprehensive index HRI of the water body appears at different risk levels with reference to a risk level classification standard.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for determining ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in a water body. The method may include (1) screening representative species of a water ecological system in a region; (2) obtaining toxicity data of benzoapyrene; (3) calculating benzoapyrene concentration values HC5 of 95% of species in the protected water ecological system; (4) determining types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants and corresponding environmental concentrations thereof by sampling, and analyzing concentration distribution characteristics of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; (5) calculating ecological risk quotient values RQi of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants; and (6) calculating a total ecological risk quotient value RQt and confirming concrete ecological risks.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus is disclosed in the invention. The illumination apparatus includes a cavity with a diffusion surface, a light source, a light-spreading device, and at least one optically-conditioning surface with a wave-like array formed thereon. The light-spreading device and the optically-conditioning surface spread the light generated by the light source. The light-spreading device includes a wing-shaped protrusion part, a light incident surface, a recess located away from the light incident surface, and an optically-conditioning surface including a wave-like array, wherein the wave-like array has a wavefront direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting element assembly, comprising a composite substrate, a circuit layout carrier, a connecting structure, a recess, and a semiconductor light-emitting element, is disclosed. The connecting structure is used for bonding the composite substrate with the circuit layout carrier. The recess is formed by the circuit layout carrier and extends toward the composite substrate. The semiconductor light-emitting element is deposited in the recess and electrically connected to the circuit layout carrier.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a circuit protection unit is provided. The circuit protection unit has a low-resistance layer and a potential barrier layer, wherein a barrier potential exists at the interface between the low-resistance layer and the potential barrier layer. The circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the light emitting device. When an electrostatic discharge or excessive forward current is occurred in the light emitting device, the circuit protection unit provides a rectifying function for preventing damages caused by static electricity or excessive forward current to the light emitting device.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus is disclosed in the invention. The illumination apparatus includes a cavity with a diffusion surface, a light source, a light-spreading device, and at least one optically-conditioning surface with a wavelike array formed thereon. The light-spreading device and the optically-conditioning surface spread the light generated by the light source. The light-spreading device includes a wing-shaped protrusion part, a light incident surface, a recess located away from the light incident surface, and an optically-conditioning surface including a wavelike array, wherein the wavelike array has a wavefront direction.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus is disclosed in the invention. The illumination apparatus includes a cavity with a diffusion surface, a light source, a light-spreading device, and at least one optically-conditioning surface with a wavelike array formed thereon. The light-spreading device and the optically-conditioning surface spread the light generated by the light source. The light-spreading device includes a wing-shaped protrusion part, a light incident surface, a recess located away from the light incident surface, and an optically-conditioning surface including a wavelike array, wherein the wavelike array has a wavefront direction.

Abstract: A tube type light emitting diode light source including a light source generator, a light guide and a diffuser is provided. The light source generator includes LEDs arranging in a line. The light guide has a grooved light incident surface and a grooved light-guiding surface. The grooved light incident surface encompasses the LEDs, and the grooved light-guiding surface is adapted for changing the propagating direction of an incident light. The diffuser covers the light guide.