Abstract: There is provided a transmitter with a small area and low noise. A direct RF modulation transmitter is constituted by an N-number of input signal delay-attached direct RF converters to which an I digital baseband signal is input, an M-number of input signal delay circuit-attached direct RF converters (DDRCs) to which a Q digital baseband signal is input, a Divide-by-2 divider for generating a differential local signal differing in phase by 90 degrees, an output matching circuit, and a delay control circuit for controlling an input data delay amount for the DDRCs. This transmitter sets delay amounts for the DDRCs using the delay control circuit independently. Particularly when N is set to equal M and the same amount of delay is set for N-number of converters corresponding to the I digital baseband signal and the Q digital baseband signal, noise reduction effect in a predetermined frequency band is heightened.

Abstract: There is provided a transmitter with a small area and low noise. A direct RF modulation transmitter is constituted by an N-number of input signal delay-attached direct RF converters to which an I digital baseband signal is input, an M-number of input signal delay circuit-attached direct RF converters (DDRCs) to which a Q digital baseband signal is input, a Divide-by-2 divider for generating a differential local signal differing in phase by 90 degrees, an output matching circuit, and a delay control circuit for controlling an input data delay amount for the DDRCs. This transmitter sets delay amounts for the DDRCs using the delay control circuit independently. Particularly when N is set to equal M and the same amount of delay is set for N-number of converters corresponding to the I digital baseband signal and the Q digital baseband signal, noise reduction effect in a predetermined frequency band is heightened.

Abstract: In a monitoring method of the present invention, a flow voltage value corresponding to zero flow is acquired before the start of a substrate treatment by a substrate treatment apparatus. Next, a flow voltage value corresponding to a control state while the flow is controlled according to a control signal during the substrate treatment is acquired. Then, an actual flow rate is calculated according to a difference between the flow voltage value during the flow control and the flow voltage value at the time of zero flow. Further, a difference between the actual flow rate of a currently-implemented substrate treatment and the actual flow rate of the last substrate treatment is calculated, and the fluctuation of the flow control characteristic and the flow control accuracy are monitored according to the difference.

Abstract: An image apparatus and method of the same use a circular marker having two semicircular portions of first and second color areas separated by a center line. An image of a real space including the marker is acquired and an area of the marker is detected from the image. Center coordinates of the marker, for arranging a virtual object in the real space, are calculated based on coordinates of tangents with the area of the marker in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction of the image. Angles of the marker, for arranging the virtual object in the real space, are calculated based on the area of the marker. Then, an image, which has the virtual object arranged in the real space by the position and angles indicated by the marker, is constructed based on the calculation results and shape data of the virtual object.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus and method of the same, able to combining an image of a virtual object in an image of a real space so that the virtual object is virtually located in the real space at a desired position and at desired angles and able to easily set the position, posture, etc. of the virtual object, using a circular marker having two semicircular portions of first and second color areas separated by a center line, acquiring an image of a real space including the marker, detecting the marker area, and analyzing the detected marker area So as to calculate the position, size, elevation of the image pickup relative to the marker, and azimuth rotation angle and rolling rotation angle of the marker and, according to the results of calculation and the shape data of the virtual object, calculating a composite image where a virtual object is arranged in a real space by a position, dimensions, and angles indicated by the marker.

Abstract: A data communication system capable of supplying information most desired by the receiving side in accordance with the state of a channel, wherein the receiving side transmits setting information for information transmission to the transmitting side, and the transmitting side generates and transmits the content data according to the setting information from the receiving side, a receiving apparatus of such a data communication system, and a data communication method for the same. The receiving apparatus reproduces the picture and sound signals according to received picture packets and sound packets, displays the reproduced picture as well as the state of the channel and the operational commands for the setting information, receives operational commands from the user by event processing, changes the setting information accordingly, then transmits the changed setting information to the transmitting apparatus.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring eccentricity of the tracks of a disk. The apparatus includes a spindle for driving a turntable carrying a disk, an angle detecting device for detecting the angle of rotation of the spindle, a reproducing head for reproducing information from the disk, a pair of servos for controlling the tracking operation of the head, an eccentricity measuring device for measuring the extent of eccentricity from a signal reproduced by the head, an error detecting device for obtaining a tracking error signal by turning on the tracking servos, and an operation device for determining the direction of eccentricity from the angle of rotation and the tracking error signal, determining a vector quantity of the eccentricity of the tracks from the extent of eccentricity and the direction of eccentricity, and for performing a vector operation to determine the quantity of eccentricity of the tracks.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the crosstalk of an optical disc of an optical disc player adapted to reproduce signals recorded on the disc, in which there are concentrically or spirally formed continuous recorded signal strings or signal recording regions and in which there is provided a positioning aperture at the center of the disc substantially concentric with said recorded signal strings or signal recording regions. A light beam is wobbled at a predetermined amplitude in the direction along the radius of the optical disc. The wobbling period is set so as to be asynchronous with the period of the optical disc rotation. The ratio between the quantity of the traverse signal obtained by the optical pickup and the quantity of strays signals is measured as crosstalk.

Abstract: The digging bits system contains left, right and central cylindrical digging bits and left and right plate digging bits being installed between the cylindrical digging bits, respectively. To the cylindrical digging bits, percussion force and turning force are applied. Each of the cylindrical digging bit contains tip, intermediate and upper end tubular body and is provided with a pore therein, respectively. To each of the tip tubular body, a bit edge is fixed, respectively. To both of the upper and the under end sides of the middle tubular body, a cam is provided in one unit with the tubular body, respectively. Each of the plate digging bits contains a sleeve, a central sleeve and a plurality of bit pieces, respectively. The cylindrical digging bits are rotatably connected with each other via a connecting member.