Abstract: A laminate comprising a substrate; and a plating-forming layer disposed on at least one surface of both surfaces of the substrate and containing a thermoplastic resin and a plating catalyst, wherein the plating-forming layer further satisfies conditions of the following (1) and/or (2), (1) the plating-forming layer contains a dispersing agent for dispersing the plating catalyst (2) an abundance of the plating catalyst on a surface side of the plating-forming layer is higher than an abundance of the plating catalyst on the substrate side of the plating-forming layer.

Abstract: A loudspeaker diaphragm includes a cone having a curved surface from the outer to the inner periphery, and an annular edge of which inner peripheral part is bonded to the front side of the outer peripheral part of the cone. When seen from the front, the outer periphery of the cone is defined by smooth connection of three larger-diameter parts tangent to a first circle with a larger diameter, and three smaller-diameter parts each located between adjacent two of the three larger-diameter parts and tangent to a second circle with a smaller diameter. In the cone, a shape defined by connecting together points at the same position on the central axis is more circular as the points approach the inner periphery from the outer periphery. The inner periphery of the edge has a smaller radius than the second circle.

Abstract: A loudspeaker diaphragm includes a cone having a curved surface from the outer to the inner periphery, and an annular edge of which inner peripheral part is bonded to the front side of the outer peripheral part of the cone. When seen from the front, the outer periphery of the cone is defined by smooth connection of three larger-diameter parts tangent to a first circle with a larger diameter, and three smaller-diameter parts each located between adjacent two of the three larger-diameter parts and tangent to a second circle with a smaller diameter. In the cone, a shape defined by connecting together points at the same position on the central axis is more circular as the points approach the inner periphery from the outer periphery. The inner periphery of the edge has a smaller radius than the second circle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is composed of a plurality of pixels, a plurality of switches and a driver circuit for driving the plurality of switches. Each of the plurality of pixels is provided with a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pixel driving electrode and a common electrode confronting with each other, a first sampling and holding circuit, a second sampling and holding circuit and a switching device. The switching device switches a positive image signal voltage and a negative image signal voltage, and supplies the positive and negative image signal voltages alternately to the pixel driving electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is composed of a plurality of pixels, a plurality of switches and a driver circuit for driving the plurality of switches. Each of the plurality of pixels is provided with a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pixel driving electrode and a common electrode confronting with each other, a first sampling and holding circuit, a second sampling and holding circuit and a switching device. The switching device switches a positive image signal voltage and a negative image signal voltage, and supplies the positive and negative image signal voltages alternately to the pixel driving electrode.

Abstract: A method and a device for safely and efficiently adjusting the height of a manhole freely allowing the addition and removal of a height adjusting member at any position. The method and device may be used for the manhole formed by installing a tubular shaped frame in the ground, installing the removable height adjustment members on the tubular shaped frame, and installing a cover receiving frame on the height adjusting members. In this method and device, a frame is disposed in the upper space of the manhole; the cover receiving frame is raised by the height adjusting member installed on the frame; and the height adjusting members positioned under the cover receiving frame in that state are added or removed.

Abstract: A method and a device for safely and efficiently adjusting the height of a manhole freely allowing the addition and removal of a height adjusting member at any position. The method and device may be used for the manhole formed by installing a tubular shaped frame in the ground, installing the removable height adjustment members on the tubular shaped frame, and installing a cover receiving frame on the height adjusting members. In this method and device, a frame is disposed in the upper space of the manhole; the cover receiving frame is raised by the member installed on the frame; and the height adjusting members positioned under the cover receiving frame in that state are added or removed.