Abstract: A power supply apparatus generates an output voltage. A boost circuit boosts a voltage supplied from a reference voltage source and generates a first power supply voltage. A processor controls switching the boost circuit on and off. A first transistor is connected to the first power supply voltage. A second transistor is connected to a collector of the first transistor. A resistance element is connected to a collector of the second transistor. A voltage source is connected to the resistance element and generates a second power supply voltage. A collector voltage, which is an output voltage, of the second transistor is controlled by controlling an amount of base current of the first transistor.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus generates an output voltage. A boost circuit boosts a voltage supplied from a reference voltage source and generates a first power supply voltage. A processor controls switching the boost circuit on and off. A first transistor is connected to the first power supply voltage. A second transistor is connected to a collector of the first transistor. A resistance element is connected to a collector of the second transistor. A voltage source is connected to the resistance element and generates a second power supply voltage. A collector voltage, which is an output voltage, of the second transistor is controlled by controlling an amount of base current of the first transistor.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus generates an output voltage. A boost circuit boosts a voltage supplied from a reference voltage source and generates a first power supply voltage. A processor controls switching the boost circuit on and off. A first transistor is connected to the first power supply voltage. A second transistor is connected to a collector of the first transistor. A resistance element is connected to a collector of the second transistor. A voltage source is connected to the resistance element and generates a second power supply voltage. A collector voltage, which is an output voltage, of the second transistor is controlled by controlling an amount of base current of the first transistor.

Abstract: To provide a water/oil resistant composition this imparts a sufficient water/oil resistance to a base material when a fluorinated copolymer having an Rf group with at most 6 carbon atoms is used. The water/oil resistance is not substantially influenced by an adjuvant or the pH of dilution water, and the composition has little odor. Also provided are a treated article and production processes. The water/oil resistant composition has a fluorinated copolymer dispersed or dissolved in a medium, and the fluorinated copolymer is one having one, some or all of amino groups in a fluorinated copolymer comprising structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 Rf group and structural units based on a monomer (b) having an amino group, converted to form a salt with an organic acid comprising an organic acid having a pKa of from 2.0 to 4.0.

Abstract: A water repellent composition comprising a fluorinated copolymer having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group, structural units based on a monomer (b) having a C1-6 alkyl group and structural units based on a monomer (c) (halogenated olefin), and a medium, wherein the proportion of the structural units based on the monomer (a) is from 50 to 90 mass % of the structural units (100 mass %) based on all the monomers.

Abstract: To provide a water/oil resistant composition which can impart a sufficient water/oil resistance to a base material even though a fluorinated copolymer having an Rf group with at most 6 carbon atoms is used, said water/oil resistance being not substantially influenced by an adjuvant or the pH of dilution water, and which has little odor; an article treated therewith; and processes for their production. A water/oil resistant composition having a fluorinated copolymer dispersed or dissolved in a medium, wherein the fluorinated copolymer is one having one, some or all of amino groups in a fluorinated copolymer comprising structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 Rf group and structural units based on a monomer (b) having an amino group, converted to form a salt with an organic acid comprising an organic acid having a pKa of from 2.0 to 4.0.

Abstract: A water repellent composition comprising a fluorinated copolymer having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group, structural units based on a monomer (b) having a C1-6 alkyl group and structural units based on a monomer (c) (halogenated olefin), and a medium, wherein the proportion of the structural units based on the monomer (a) is from 50 to 90 mass % of the structural units (100 mass %) based on all the monomers.

Abstract: A release agent composition, which includes a fluorocopolymer having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group and structural units based on monomer (b) having a C18-30 alkyl group, and a medium, where the mass ratio of the structural units based on the monomer (a) to the structural units based on the monomer (b) (the structural units based on the monomer (a)/the structural units based on the monomer (b)) is from 1/1 to 1/10.

Abstract: To provide a water repellent composition which is capable of imparting sufficient water repellency and alcohol repellency to a hydrophobic substrate without significantly decreasing the antistatic property imparted to the hydrophobic substrate by an antistatic agent, and which presents a low environmental impact, its production method, a hydrophobic substrate treating agent composition and an article. A water repellent composition having a fluorinated copolymer having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group, structural units based on a monomer (b) having a C1-6 alkyl group and structural units based on a monomer (c) (halogenated olefin), and a medium, where the proportion of the structural units based on the monomer (a) is from 50 to 90 mass % of the structural units (100 mass %) based on all the monomers.

Abstract: A water and oil repellent composition having excellent durability, which can impart excellent water and oil repellency to an object, even in a process at low temperatures, and which enables water and oil repellent treatment providing a soft hand. A water and oil repellent composition which comprises, as an essential component, a copolymer containing polymerization units of the following monomer (a) and polymerization units of the following monomer (b): monomer (a): an Rf group-containing monomer which forms a photopolymer having no melting point or a melting point of at most 55° C. attributable to fine crystals derived from the Rf groups and having a glass transition point of at least 20° C. monomer (b): a monomer having no Rf group and having a cross-linkable functional group.

Abstract: Antifouling composition containing a fluorocopolymer which contains from 30 to 70 mass % of polymerized units (a?) having a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, from 20 to 69 mass % of polymerized units (b?) having an alkylene oxide chain and from 1 to 10 mass % of polymerized units (c?) having an amino group, and which has anionic groups at its main chain terminals. Method of making.

Abstract: To provide an antifouling composition which is a fluorine-type antifouling composition using a short chain perfluoroalkyl group and which is excellent in antifouling properties and water/oil repellency and presents good durability against washing. An antifouling composition comprising a fluorocopolymer which comprises from 30 to 65 mass % of polymerized units (a) having a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, from 1 to 67 mass % of polymerized units (b1) having —(C2H4O)— and from 3 to 34 mass % of polymerized units (b2) having —(C4H8O)—, wherein the content of —(C2H4O)— is from 20 to 65 mass %, and the content of —(C4H8O)— is from 2 to 13 mass %.

Abstract: To provide a process for efficiently producing a fluorine type antifouling composition employing a short chain Rf group, which can be made in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing substantially no volatile organic solvent and has a good soil release property (SR property). A process for producing an antifouling composition, which comprises a step of subjecting monomer components (Z) comprising from 30 to 80 mass % of a monomer (a) having a polyfluoroalkyl group in which the number of carbon atoms to which fluorine atoms are bonded is from 4 to 6, and from 20 to 70 mass % of a monomer (b) having no polyfluoroalkyl group and having a hydrophilic group, to solution polymerization in a volatile organic solvent having a boiling point of at most 100° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a release agent composition which can impart moderate adhesion and releasability to the surface of articles such as protective materials for adhesive face of repositional notes, pressure-sensitive adhesive sheets and tapes, release films and release paper, and which has a low environmental burden, and its production process. The release agent composition of the present invention is characterized by comprising a fluorocopolymer having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group and structural units based on a (meth)acrylate (b) having a C18-30 alkyl group, and a medium.

Abstract: To provide a water/oil repellent composition which is capable of imparting sufficient dynamic water repellency to the surface of an article, has high stability of the particles of the copolymer, and presents a low environmental impact, a method for its production, and a method for treating an article. A water/oil repellent composition comprising a copolymer (A) having structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 polyfluoroalkyl group, structural units based on a (meth)acrylate (b) having a C20-30 alkyl group and structural units based on a halogenated olefin (c), a surfactant (B), and a medium (C), wherein the medium (C) comprises water and a propylene glycol type solvent, and the amount of the propylene glycol type solvent is from 35 to 80 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A).

Abstract: To provide a water/oil resistant composition which can impart a sufficient water/oil resistance to a base material even though a fluorinated copolymer having an Rf group with at most 6 carbon atoms is used, said water/oil resistance being not substantially influenced by an adjuvant or the pH of dilution water, and which has little odor; an article treated therewith; and processes for their production. A water/oil resistant composition having a fluorinated copolymer dispersed or dissolved in a medium, wherein the fluorinated copolymer is one having one, some or all of amino groups in a fluorinated copolymer comprising structural units based on a monomer (a) having a C1-6 Rf group and structural units based on a monomer (b) having an amino group, converted to form a salt with an organic acid comprising an organic acid having a pKa of from 2.0 to 4.0.

Abstract: A fluorocopolymer capable of exhibiting excellent water and oil resistance even with its perfluoroalkyl group being a short chain, and a water and oil proofing composition containing it, are provided. A water and oil proofing composition containing a fluorocopolymer (A) comprising from 40 to 98 mass % of polymerized units (a?) having a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, from 1 to 50 mass % of polymerized units (b?) having an alkylene oxide and from 1 to 10 mass % of polymerized units (c?) based on a monomer represented by CH2?C(COOH)-Q-COOH (wherein Q is a C1-4 alkylene group, etc.).

Abstract: To provide a process for efficiently producing a fluorine type antifouling composition employing a short chain Rf group, which can be made in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing substantially no volatile organic solvent and has a good soil release property (SR property). A process for producing an antifouling composition, which comprises a step of subjecting monomer components (Z) comprising from 30 to 80 mass % of a monomer (a) having a polyfluoroalkyl group in which the number of carbon atoms to which fluorine atoms are bonded is from 4 to 6, and from 20 to 70 mass % of a monomer (b) having no polyfluoroalkyl group and having a hydrophilic group, to solution polymerization in a volatile organic solvent having a boiling point of at most 100° C.

Abstract: A fluorocopolymer capable of exhibiting excellent water and oil resistance even with its perfluoroalkyl group being a short chain, and a water and oil proofing composition containing it, are provided. A water and oil proofing composition containing a fluorocopolymer (A) comprising from 40 to 98 mass % of polymerized units (a?) having a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, from 1 to 50 mass % of polymerized units (b?) having an alkylene oxide and from 1 to 10 mass % of polymerized units (c?) based on a monomer represented by CH2?C(COOH)-Q-COOH (wherein Q is a C1-4 alkylene group, etc.).

Abstract: To provide an antifouling composition which is an fluorine-type antifouling composition using a short chain perfluoroalkyl group and which can be made in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing substantially no volatile organic solvent and has excellent soil release properties. An antifouling composition comprising a fluorocopolymer which comprises from 30 to 70 mass % of polymerized units (a?) having a C1-6 perfluoroalkyl group, from 20 to 69 mass % of polymerized units (b?) having an alkylene oxide chain and from 1 to 10 mass % of polymerized units (c?) having an amino group, and which has anionic groups at its main chain terminals.